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81.
Jennifer Earl 《Law & social inquiry》2008,33(3):735-778
This essay reviews the arguments and impacts of the classic work, The Process Is the Punishment by Malcolm Feeley, originally published in 1979 and republished with a new foreword and preface in 1992. This essay examines how the book has been used in sociolegal research since 1979 by empirically tracing its citation in published work. I also examine missed opportunities where The Process Is the Punishment could still expand its impact in the literature, as well as reviewing the major arguments and criticisms of the book. 相似文献
82.
83.
Shaun L. Gabbidon Leslie K. Kowal Kareem L. Jordan Jennifer L. Roberts Nancy Vincenzi 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2008,33(1):59-68
This paper examines race-based peremptory challenges. Such challenges occur during the voir dire jury selection process. The process allows both the defense and the prosecution to strike jurors who they believe will not
decide cases fairly. However, in the case of Batson v. Kentucky 476 U.S. 79 (1986), the Supreme Court ruled that race could not be used as a factor in eliminating prospective jurors. This
paper examines federal litigation for five years in which it was alleged that race was used as a factor in removing a juror.
An examination of the cases revealed that most of the cases involved sole male litigants who allege that there were multiple
race-based peremptory challenges used in their cases. Moreover, most of the cases that led to the allegations involved violent
offenses. Other case characteristics are noted, but of most significance was the finding that most appellants lost their cases.
As such, the courts felt that most of the challenges were, in fact, race neutral. The implications of this research are discussed.
This study was funded by an undergraduate research grant from Penn State University. 相似文献
84.
Although flag burnings today rarely draw the amount of attention they received in the late 1980s, efforts to protect the flag
have persisted for nearly a decade. Accordingly, the flag protection campaign has captured the interest of intellectuals from
various academic backgrounds, including political scientists, egal scholars, and journalists. Conspicuously absent from the
literature on flag desecration, however, are sociologists and criminologists. Combining historical evidence with recent cases,
this article unveils key sociological aspects of social control, including formal and informal responses to flag desecration. 相似文献
85.
This study examined the pharmacological and psychological effects of alcohol on women’s recognition of and response to dating
sexual aggression. Female participants completed measures of prior sexual victimization experiences, sex related alcohol expectancies,
general alcohol expectancies, and drinking habits. Using a 2 (alcohol) × 2 (expectancy) balanced placebo research design,
women were exposed to an audiotape date rape vignette and asked to press a button when the man’s sexual advances had gone
to far. Upon pressing the button, the tape was stopped and participants were instructed to imagine themselves in the same
situation and generate a response describing what they would say and/or do at that point. Results indicated that although
alcohol and expectancy were not related to risk perception, individuals who consumed alcohol displayed significantly less
resistant role play refusals. A significant interaction between expectancy set and pre-existing sex-related alcohol expectancies
was observed indicating participants believing alcohol affects sexual behavior generated less resistant refusal responses
when they expected to receive alcohol. Moreover, for those who expected to receive alcohol, stronger pre-existing sex-related
alcohol expectancies predicted less resistant refusal responses over above the effects of blood alcohol level and general
alcohol expectancies. The implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
86.
87.
Jennifer L. Berdahl 《Social Justice Research》2008,21(3):255-262
88.
Brett A. Schweers Jennifer Old P.W. Boonlayangoor Karl A. Reich 《Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series》2008,2(3):243-247
Human blood is the body fluid most commonly encountered at crime scenes, and blood detection may aid investigators in reconstructing what occurred during a crime. In addition, blood detection can help determine which items of evidence should be processed for DNA-STR testing. Unfortunately, many common substances can cause red-brown stains that resemble blood. Furthermore, many current human blood detection methods are presumptive and prone to false positive results. Here, the developmental validation of a new blood identification test, Rapid Stain Identification™-Blood (RSID™-Blood), is described. RSID™-Blood utilizes two anti-glycophorin A (red blood cell membrane specific protein) monoclonal antibodies in a lateral flow strip test format to detect human blood. We present evidence demonstrating that this test is accurate, reproducible, easy to use, and highly specific for human blood. Importantly, RSID™-Blood does not cross-react with ferret, skunk, or primate blood and exhibits no high-dose hook effect. Also, we describe studies on the sensitivity, body fluid specificity, and species specificity of RSID™-Blood. In addition, we show that the test can detect blood from a variety of forensic exhibits prior to processing for DNA-STR analysis. In conclusion, we suggest that RSID™-Blood is effective and useful for the detection of human blood on forensic exhibits, and offers improved blood detection when compared to other currently used methods. 相似文献
89.
Jennifer Payne 《The Modern law review》2010,73(3):515-517
90.
Aimee L. Franklin Athena Grossman Jennifer Le Mark Shafer 《Public administration review》2019,79(2):215-224
Climate science research documents and predicts changes in the physical environment. This information informs policy decisions and public programs through the design of human interventions that promote adaptive management. Since the early 2000s, federal funding has led to the creation of transdisciplinary regional climate workgroups to facilitate integrative knowledge coproduction and promote shared use of research results by scientific and nonscientific stakeholders. Labeled “boundary organizations,” these workgroups are tasked with facilitating partnerships between climate science researchers and practitioners with expertise in multiple physical and social science disciplines. When these organizations are successful, scientific findings and practitioner experiences are integrated to synergistically create usable knowledge about adaptive management that provides direct public value and creates broader societal impacts. This article explores the broader impacts provided by these boundary organizations through the establishment of regional research agendas and the communication of research results in ways that influence regional public policy and promote adaptive management. 相似文献