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871.
Abstract Despite the unequivocal goal of income diversity as expressed in the Charter of the Congress for the New Urbanism, one of the more significant challenges facing the movement has been the creation of socially diverse neighborhoods, especially ones that include a mix of incomes. Although recent reports show that most New Urbanist developments are being built for upper‐middle‐class residents, some projects have managed to support income diversity. This article takes a closer look at those projects, reporting on the results of a nationwide survey of New Urbanist developers. We found that many developers have used complex, creative schemes to make affordable housing possible within the New Urbanist context. Developers created affordable opportunities by combining available government programs, partnerships with nonprofits, and innovative design solutions. These efforts have provided important sources of affordable housing within the context of walkable communities—serving as examples that should be emulated by future developers. 相似文献
872.
Jennifer Somerville 《Economy and Society》2013,42(2):93-128
In all the main industrial countries of the West since the 1970, the family has become in issue which excites media attention and public debate and which has become a prominent item on the agenda of the major political parties. The family has become politicized. This has been particularly the case in America and Britan where it has been associated to different degress with the electoral successes of a revived conservatism under Thatcher and Reagan which committed itself to policies to strengthen the ‘traditional’ family. This article argues, contray to number of left and politics. A number of reasons are offered for this. It is argued that the sheer weight and momentum of the major demographic economic, social and cultural shifts in the sub-stratum of the advanced industrialized societies, particularly since the Second World war, have had such enormous impact on women and consequently on the family that they are unlikely to be reversed. it is also suggested that counter campaigns and the role of professional groups in the formulation, implementation and evaluationof public policy have inhibited attempts to return to ‘Victorian values’, Yet another reason advanced is the difficulty that recent conservative governments have experienced in aligning their economic objecrtives with politicies to strengthen the traditional family. However, the article argues that an important factor in any explanation of this lack of success lies in the nature of te New Right itself. The revived conservative parties of the 1970s were in fact an amalgam of number of different ideological stands on the right of the political spectrum, for which the family became an important unifying sumbol in its capacity to align radical liberal economic policies with traditionalist conservative concerns, and its rhetorical value in translating these into a popular political discourse. While this enabled them to attract a number of different constituneices and widen thie electoral base, particularly with new voters, this eneasy coaliation was itself a major obstacle to te realization of any consistent and coherent family policy. 相似文献
873.
Jennifer Leigh Disney 《New Political Science》2013,35(4):533-560
Mozambique and Nicaragua have each experienced a transition from a Marxist–Leninist, revolutionary state to a liberal–democratic–capitalist, multi-party state in the 1990s. However, in Mozambique, the historic party of the revolution, FRELIMO, remains the party in power, whil in Nicaragua the Sandinistas have been the opposition party since 1990. What impact have these transitions had on democracy, civil society, and the nature of women's organizing in the post-revolutionary period in each country? This article offers a critical examination of the notions of “democratization” and “civil society” by assessing the gains and losses that each country has experienced in terms of political, economic, and participatory democracy in the post-revolutionary period. Then, using the example of contemporary women's movements and current constructions of “feminism” emerging in each country, this article attempts to show the potential of autonomous women's organizing in civil society today. 相似文献
874.
Jennifer C. Seely Emma Diambogne Diouf Charlotte-Anne Malischewski Maria Vaikath Kiah Young-Burns 《Citizenship Studies》2013,17(3-4):429-446
In recent publications, Manby (2009, 2010) has pointed out serious inequities in African citizenship laws. As women are one of the largest groups at risk of unequal treatment, we systematically examine sub-Saharan African citizenship laws for discriminatory provisions and language. We find that for laws currently in force, legal treatment of women is uneven, both across the continent and within countries. We consider the role gender plays in transmitting citizenship to children, as well as differences between the genders in citizenship transmitted through marriage. Some countries are gender neutral in most or all aspects of the law, others are gender neutral with respect to parents and children but favor men in transmitting citizenship to their wives, and others still discount the role of women in both respects. We employ quantitative methods to understand the background conditions that influence citizenship law, finding that temporal and demographic factors have some systematic influence. To understand when and how citizenship laws may change, we examine case study evidence of women's movements as a means for bringing about gender equality, finding that targeted legal action or major constitutional overhauls can help render citizenship laws more gender neutral. 相似文献
875.
Charles M. KatzAuthor Vitae Vincent J. WebbAuthor VitaeKate FoxAuthor Vitae Jennifer N. ShafferAuthor Vitae 《Journal of criminal justice》2011,39(1):48
Purpose
Research examining factors that precipitate gang violence has contributed substantially to our understanding of gangs and gang activity with respect to offending, yet we still know relatively little about how gangs influence members’ risk of victimization. The current study examines three hypotheses: (1) gang involvement and involvement in other risky lifestyles is related to violent victimization, (2) involvement in gang crime is associated with violent victimization, and (3) the presence of rival gangs is related to violent victimization.Methods
The present study uses data obtained from 909 recently booked juvenile arrestees who were interviewed as part of the Arizona Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) program.Results
Our findings indicated that prevalence of violent victimization was highest among gang members, followed by former gang members, gang associates, and non-gang members. After controlling for involvement in gang crime, however, gang membership per se did not significantly influence the juveniles’ risk of serious violent victimization.Conclusions
Our results call into question the conclusion that gang membership alone increases the likelihood of violent victimization vis-à-vis lifestyle/routine activities and/or collective liability. Instead our findings support prior research on the victim-offender overlap, that offending behaviors increase the risk of victimization. 相似文献876.
Graham Francis Wagstaff Jacqueline Mary Wheatcroft Charlotte Lucy Burt Hannah Jayne Pilkington Keely Wilkinson Jennifer Dianne Hoyle 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2011,26(2):152-161
Despite the decline in popularity of hypnosis as an investigative interviewing technique, this paper builds on previous research
showing that some of the techniques employed in traditional hypnotic interviewing may still be useful in the development of
simple, brief memory facilitation procedures for use by the police. Three experiments are described that investigate the effects
of a short Focused Meditation with eye-closure technique in situations where participants are presented with misleading information.
In the first study, which utilized a standard misinformation paradigm, a significant memory facilitation effect was shown
with Focused Meditation, though the effect was not significant for eye-closure alone. There were no increases in errors when
the Meditation and eye-closure procedures were used alone or in combination. The second experiment showed that a combined
Focused Meditation with eye-closure technique reduced misinformation effects associated with fictitious events, and a third
showed that the same technique reduced interrogative suggestibility effects as measured by the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale,
whilst facilitating free recall memory. It is concluded that a Focused Meditation with eye-closure technique may potentially
have applications in the field where brief alternatives to the Cognitive Interview are required. 相似文献
877.
Gallagher M Skubby D Bonfine N Munetz MR Teller JL 《International journal of law and psychiatry》2011,34(6):406-413
The increasing involvement of people with mental illness in the criminal justice system has led to the formation of specialty programs such as mental health courts (hereafter MHCs). We discuss MHCs and the teams serving these courts. Specifically, we examine team members' perceptions of MHC goals and their own and others' roles on the MHC team. Using a semi-structured interview instrument, we conducted 59 face-to-face interviews with criminal justice and mental health treatment personnel representing 11 Ohio MHCs. Findings from our qualitative data analyses reveal that MHC personnel understand individuals' roles within the teams, recognize and appreciate the importance of different roles, and share common goals. MHCs could foster this level of understanding and agreement by working to recruit and retain individuals with experience in or willingness to learn about both the criminal justice and mental health systems. Future research should explore the impact of MHC team functioning on client outcomes. 相似文献
878.
Political risk frequently impedes the flow of capital into developing countries. In response, governments often adopt innovative
institutions that aim to attract greater flows of international investment and trade by changing the institutional environment
and limiting the risk to outside investors. One primary example of this is the Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT), aimed specifically
at increasing the flow of foreign direct investment (FDI) to developing countries. Yet the literature in political science
and economics is inconclusive about whether or not BITs do indeed stimulate FDI, and it provides conflicting theoretical reasoning
for the claimed connection. This article argues that BITs do attract FDI to developing countries, but the story is a complicated
one. Two important factors must be taken into account. First, BITs cannot entirely substitute for an otherwise weak investment
environment. Countries must have the necessary domestic institutions in place that interact with BITs to make these international
commitments credible and valuable to investors. Second, as the coverage of BITs increases, overall FDI flows to developing
countries increase. However, although remaining positive, the marginal effect of a country’s BITs on its own FDI may fall
because of heightened competition for FDI from other BIT countries. Using data from 97 countries for 1984–2007, we provide
empirical evidence consistent with both of these theoretical claims. 相似文献
879.
Everett Waters is involved in a wide range of longitudinal research projects and educational programs that advance the Bowlby‐Ainsworth tradition of attachment study. His empirical and theoretical knowledge is far reaching. Here, Waters explores the family law field's hopes and expectations of attachment theory, identifies a number of myths about attachment theory that may influence divorce decision making, and challenges why we ask the questions we do. His views encourage hardened supporters and detractors of attachment theory alike to identify a middle ground where the essence of attachment knowledge might best inform family law practices in divorce and separation matters. 相似文献
880.
In this far‐reaching interview, Allan Schore, renowned scientist, clinical psychologist, and clinical neuropsychologist, considers the place of neuroscience in facilitating developmental knowledge and better decision making in family law matters. He details current science on the neurology of attachment formation, the function of early caregiving relationships, gender, neuroscience perspectives on conflict and family violence, and implications for parenting arrangements. At the meta level, Schore describes the responsibilities of the family law system in promoting the development of the child. On the faculty of the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Schore is on the editorial staff of 35 journals in various academic and clinical fields. His integration of neuroscience with attachment theory is documented in three seminal volumes, Affect Regulation and the Origin of the Self, Affect Dysregulation and Disorders of the Self , and Affect Regulation and the Repair of the Self, as well as numerous articles and chapters. He has justifiably earned the nickname of “America's Bowlby.” 相似文献