Budget reform: The path to reform of process

Budget reforms include reforms of technique and reforms of process. Turbulence in budgetary environment is producing calls for changes in reform of process, but no consensus now exist indicating the next dominant budget reform technique. Modified zero base systems continue to appear at sub-national levels, while calls for reform of the federal Congressional process multiply at the federal level.     

AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF SUPERVISED ACCESS AND CUSTODY EXCHANGE SERVICES

An exploratory outcome study to investigate the ability of a supervised access and custody exchange center to function as a safe visitation enforcement mechanism of the court was accomplished as part of a larger study investigating child well-being. During a 6-month period of program participation, frequency and consistency of noncustodial parents' access to children dramatically increased and interparental conflict significantly decreased, demonstrating that supervised visitation and custody exchange centers that function in partnership with family court during interim court processes can address the unmet needs of family court and high-conflict domestic disputant as well.     

Explaining Dosage Diffusion During Hot Spot Patrols: An Application of Optimal Foraging Theory to Police Officer Behavior

Drawing from the concepts of optimal foraging theory, this paper presents and tests the assumptions of a foraging theory of police behavior during hot spots patrols. The theory explains why, over time, officers involved in hot spots policing interventions would leave the hot spots they are assigned to police and begin working within other locations. We test what factors influence the amounts of activity that officers undertake outside of their assigned hot spots and at nearby streets using data gathered as part of the Philadelphia Foot Patrol Experiment. Officers performed more activity outside of their beats as the experiment progressed. Several theoretically relevant variables predict the level of activity that officers perform outside their beats, including the size of the target area and the amounts of crime occurring within and outside of the target area. “Dosage diffusion” might be one reason why hot spot interventions have diminishing effects over time. From an optimal foraging theory perspective, hot spots requiring police officers to constrain their actions to pre-defined areas can be perceived as counter-intuitive by the officers, especially over extended periods of time. The results of this study support the suggestion that hot spots patrols should be short-term and randomly rotated across hot spots.     

History and issues in the treatment of battering men: A case for unstructured group therapy

Although the history of the treatment of battering men is relatively brief, it is evident that a treatment paradigm is prematurely forming. This paradigm typically employs a structured group format, utilizing a sequence of preplanned psychoeducational sessions based on cognitive-behavioral principles. As its first goal, the article reviews the history and current status of treatment for abusive men. This review reveals the nature and origins of a host of biased, and largely unsubstantiated, assumptions about batterers and their responsiveness to treatment. The second goal is to dispute the utility of the structured therapy model that presently dominates the field. The author argues that all the topics, themes, and strategic skills commonly offered in structured educational programs will emerge as central topics of discussion during the natural course of events in the unstructured supervised self-help group format. The unstructured approach enables the therapist to spontaneously introduce various ideas and techniques at the most opportune moments in the group process, while avoiding the significant disadvantages of structured treatment programs.