Intergenerational Transmission of Violence,Threatened Egoism,and Reciprocity: A Test of Multiple Psychosocial Factors Affecting Intimate Partner Violence

A myriad of factors have been advanced to explain intimate violence. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects on intimate violence of three specific concepts: threatened egoism, violence in the family of origin, and reciprocity. Self-report questionnaires were administered to a randomly selected cluster sample of 423 participants, 147 males and 276 females. While no support was found for threatened egoism, both violence witnessed in the family of origin and reciprocity were found to significantly influence intimate violence. Analyses conducted separately for males and females indicated that these factors operate differently based on gender.     

Complex linkages between forced labor slavery and environmental decline in marine fisheries

Recent media attention on human rights abuses in the fishing sector, precipitated by undercover investigations from nongovernmental organizations and investigative journalists (e.g., Environmental Justice Foundation [EJF] 2014 ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE FOUNDATION (EJF). (2014) Slavery at Sea: The Continued Plight of Trafficked Migrants in Thailand’s Fishing Industry (London, UK: EJF). [Google Scholar], 2015a Environmental Justice Foundation. (2015a) Thailand’s Seafood Slaves: Human Trafficking, Slavery and Murder in Kantang’s Fishing Industry (London, UK: EJF). [Google Scholar], 2015b EJF. (2015b) Pirates and Slaves: How Overfishing in Thailand Fuels Human Trafficking and the Plundering of our Oceans (London, UK: EJF). [Google Scholar]; Mendoza, McDowell, Mason, and Htusan 2016 MENDOZA, Martha, MCDOWELL, Robin, MASON, Margie, HTUSAN, Esther. (2016) Fisherman Slaves: Human Trafficking and the Seafood We Eat (New York: AP Editions). [Google Scholar]), has prompted calls from the scientific community for increased transdisciplinary and empirical research of fisheries’ social dimensions, such as labor (Kittinger et al. 2017 KITTINGER, John N., TEH, Lydia C. L., ALLISON, Edward H., BENNETT, Nathan J., CROWDER, Larry B., FINKBEINER, Elena M., HICKS, Christina, SCARTON, Cheryl G., NAKAMURA, Katrina, OTA, Yoshitaka, YOUNG, Jhana, ALIFANO, Aurora, APEL, Ashley, ARBIB, Allison, BISHOP, Lori, BOYLE, Mariah, CISNEROS-MONTEMAYOR, Andrés M., HUNTER, Philip, LE CORNU, Elodie, LEVINE, Max, JONES, Richard S., KOEHN, Zachary, MARSCHKE, Melissa, MASON, Julia G., MICHELI, Fiorenza, McCLENACHAN, Loren, OPAL, Charlotte, PEACEY, Jonathan, PECKHAM, S. Hoyt, SCHEMMEL, Eva, SOLIS-RIVERA, Vivienne, SWARTZ, Wilf, and WILHELM, T.’Aulani. (2017) Committing to socially responsible seafood. Science, 356(6341), 912–913.[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). Given views that social and ecological systems are interdependent (Ostrom 2009 OSTROM, Elinor. (2009) A general framework for analyzing sustainability of social-ecological systems. Science, 325(5939), 419–422. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), the need for theory development to explicate pathways for how this interdependence occurs and the potential for using policy and practices for intervention and prevention exist. Integrating ecological data and economics and human rights theory, Brashares and colleagues’ (2014) wildlife decline and social conflict framework offered a hypothesis about the negative association between fish stock declines and child slavery. Yet, more precision in terminology, pathways, and feedbacks may be warranted. With the aim of exploring empirical, conceptual, and theoretical support for Brashares et al.’s (2014 BRASHARES, Justin S., ABRAHMS, Briana, FIORELLA, Kathryn J., GOLDEN, Christopher D., HOJNOWSKI, Cheryl E., MARSH, Ryan A., McCAULEY, Douglas J., NUÑEZ, Tristan A., SETO, Katherine, and WITHEY, Lauren (2014) Wildlife decline and social conflict. Science, 345(6195), 376–378.[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) pathways, the revised theory developed in this article posits how forced labor slavery and environmental decline in marine fisheries may be linked.     

From Three Mile Island to Fukushima: the impact of analogy on attitudes toward nuclear power

Policy Sciences - Policy scholars are paying increasing attention to the role of language in policy debates, with particular emphasis on narratives. Policy narratives serve as strategic tools that,...     

Protecting Sovereignty,Protecting the Planet: State Delegation to International Organizations and Private Actors in Environmental Politics

As global interdependence grows, states often use international organizations to achieve both domestic and foreign policy goals. One way states respond to demands for cooperation is to delegate to international organizations and private actors. In this article, we use new data spanning a century of international environmental law to understand when and why states delegate to international organizations to manage environmental problems. We find that delegation is a persistent phenomenon that facilitates the implementation of states' preferences. However, they make this decision with care: States tend to delegate functions with lower sovereignty costs, such as implementation and monitoring, but rarely delegate rule making and enforcement. We also find that heterogeneous preferences among states increases the likelihood of delegation. Overall, our results suggest that states seek to delegate out of a motivation both to reduce transaction costs and to establish credible commitments.     

Al Qaeda in Mali: The Defection Connections

The control of northern Mali in 2012 by Tuareg rebels and Islamist fighters aligned with al Qaeda proved a serious challenge to Western counterterrorism policies. This article looks at several aspects often overlooked in discussions of the internal dynamics of al Qaeda-linked groups. Using defections related to the al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) offshoot group, the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (MUJAO), in Mali as a case study, this article considers the issues of race and legitimacy connected to the group and the threat and policy implications that flow from this analysis.     

Gendered ‘Objective’ Patent Law: Of Binaries and a Singularity

Patent law protects the technical. It is seemingly objective in terminology and application. Yet studies show that males are significantly more likely than females to be the inventors of patented inventions. Patenting is not objective, it is gendered. The reasons for this are multiple and include the fact that patent law itself, including its presumptions and interpretation, is gendered. This article examines how patent law reflects multiple gendered binaries, despite being drafted in ostensibly neutral terms. These serve to favour masculine modes and fields of creation, while ignoring and devaluing feminine knowledge and ways of knowing. We should be concerned that patent law is gendered because patents affect wealth distribution, what is invented and commercialized, and what information and knowledge is disseminated, built upon, and viewed as valuable. Thus, instead of embodying gendered binaries, the law should reflect a singularity – a unique point, where the system degenerates or diverges to recognize and encourage the multiplicity of ways in which invention and innovation can and do occur, beyond socially constructed binaries.