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Olivia Robinson 《The Journal of legal history》2013,34(3):245-250
This article examines the records of free-standing proof-of-age hearings from their probable introduction around the mid thirteenth century to their formal consolidation by the beginning of the fourteenth. It traces the gradual establishment of a hybrid legal form, unique to proof hearings, whereby individual jurors were routinely questioned as to the basis of their knowledge of an heir's birth and replied with a statement of plausible personal connection with the birth. It shows in detail how a rationalising legal bureaucracy encountered the expectations and practices of local jurors and recorders and the compromises that resulted in an enduring legal form. 相似文献
23.
Jeremy S. Triplett M.Sc. Jennifer A. Hatfield M.Sc. Tracy L. Kaeff B.Sc. Christopher R. Ramsey B.Sc. Susan D. Robinson B.Sc. Allison F. Standifer M.Sc. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2013,58(6):1607-1614
Raman spectroscopy has found increased use in the forensic controlled substances laboratory in recent years due to its rapid and nondestructive analysis capabilities. Here, Raman spectroscopy as a screening test for methamphetamine in clandestine laboratory liquid samples is discussed as a way to improve the efficiency of a laboratory by identifying the most probative samples for further workup among multiple samples submitted for analysis. Solutions of methamphetamine in ethanol, diethyl ether, and Coleman fuel were prepared in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 10% w/v, and Raman spectra of each were collected. A concentration‐dependant Raman peak was observed at 1003 per cm in each solution in 4% w/v and greater solutions. Case samples were analyzed and also found to reliably contain this diagnostic peak when methamphetamine was present. The use of this diagnostic indicator can save the forensic controlled substances laboratory time and materials when analyzing clandestine laboratory liquid submissions. 相似文献
24.
The gender-specific approach for working with offenders gained momentum during the 1990s and has since been largely accepted by academics and practitioners. Despite numerous studies demonstrating a need for gender-responsive programs and policies within both adult and juvenile correctional systems, scant research has explored whether these services are meeting the intended goals. The current study addresses this through a qualitative analysis of 1 county juvenile court using in-depth interviews with staff. Findings reveal that in spite of the court's efforts to incorporate a gender-responsive approach, much work still remains regarding training staff and meeting girls' needs. Staff identified critical gaps in services and continued to perpetuate gendered norms and stereotypes. Included is a discussion as to why it has been difficult to effectively implement gender-specific programs. 相似文献
25.
Jennifer Y. Rosati Ph.D. Scott D. Robinson B.Sc. Richard Devine 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(3):653-658
Four fluorescent fingerprint powders (RedWop?, GreenWop?, Basic Yellow?, and Yellow Powder?) were evaluated as a marker for blow fly larvae. Administration methods included ingestion (high vs. low concentration) or topical. Ingestion of high concentrations of Basic Yellow? and RedWop? caused higher larval mortality. Basic Yellow? delayed development and adult emergence while RedWop? and Yellow Powder? had a significant effect on particular stages of development, however, emergence time was not altered. Optimal administration is through ingestion at low concentration levels (<10%) or topically, with GreenWop? demonstrating minimal adverse effects. Optimum wavelength for discrimination between powders was 450 nm. This research can aid in investigative training to increase visibility of larval and pupal blow flies. It can also be used in entomological studies to differentiate between larval blow flies (or other dipteran) species or individuals to further understand complex interactions and behavior during larval development. 相似文献
26.
This article examines the impact of structural reforms and industrial relations changes on the employment security and decision behaviors of middle-level managers in the Australian Taxation Office (ATO). This article is based on an empirical study using focus group and survey data that investigated how structural change and public-sector reforms substantially altered the employment environment. This research reveals that the ATO environment can be characterized by low morale, risk aversion, fear, and distrust brought about, in part, by employment insecurity. Where middle managers perceived organizational threats to their employment security, they engaged in self-protective “survivor” behaviors even when no such threats to their employment security existed. The article concludes that a substantial number of middle-level managers, survivors of years of restructuring, downsizing, and organizational change, were unlikely to display high-quality decision-making behaviors. 相似文献
27.
Jessica Schicks 《发展研究杂志》2013,49(9):1238-1255
This article measures the over-indebtedness of micro-borrowers. It defines over-indebtedness from a customer-protection perspective, based on the borrowers' sacrifices. We analyse the sacrifices borrowers experience and find that 30 per cent of borrowers are over-indebted. We then test risk management indicators of debt problems as predictors of over-indebtedness. Over-indebtedness is strongly related to delinquency and the debt-to-income ratio but not to debt amounts or to multiple borrowing. Although our model correctly predicts 72.6 per cent of cases, even the best indicators identify only a few over-indebted borrowers. Risk management is not enough to protect customers against over-indebtedness but the industry needs to measure customer experiences directly. 相似文献
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Katharine Heyl Tobias Dring Beatrice Garske Jessica Stubenrauch Felix Ekardt 《Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law》2021,30(1):95-106
The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is currently undergoing a reform process which is embedded in a political context that is required to effectively and urgently respond to climate change and biodiversity loss. The CAP beyond 2020 has to be in line with the international goals of the Paris Agreement and the Convention on Biological Diversity and at the same time foster mitigation strategies for increasingly challenging natural conditions to secure food security in the long term. Yet, despite the fact that the above‐mentioned objectives call for a complete reorientation of the subsidy scheme, this article shows that the reform proposal does not provide the instruments needed to adequately address these objectives, although a few promising approaches (e.g. ‘eco‐schemes’) have been put on the reform agenda. 相似文献
30.