Identifying Judicial Empathy: Does Having Daughters Cause Judges to Rule for Women's Issues?

In this article, we consider whether personal relationships can affect the way that judges decide cases. To do so, we leverage the natural experiment of a child's gender to identify the effect of having daughters on the votes of judges. Using new data on the family lives of U.S. Courts of Appeals judges, we find that, conditional on the number of children a judge has, judges with daughters consistently vote in a more feminist fashion on gender issues than judges who have only sons. This result survives a number of robustness tests and appears to be driven primarily by Republican judges. More broadly, this result demonstrates that personal experiences influence how judges make decisions, and this is the first article to show that empathy may indeed be a component in how judges decide cases.     

对人和鼠腹部皮肤切创缘壁伤后不同时间纤维连接蛋白变化的研究

作者应用免疫组织化学 PAP 法对人体腹部4小时以内切创缘 FN 进行染色观察,发现在切创早期创缘 FN 随着时间延长就有明显变化。为法医鉴定早期切创时间提供了新的依据,同时还发现鼠和人腹部切创经过时间虽相同,但创缘 FN 染色强度却不同。     

Public Participation and Environmental Impact Assessment in Mainland China and Taiwan: Political Foundations of Environmental Management

This article explores the role of agro-ecological factors associated with agricultural growth and poverty outcomes in India. Using a new operationalisation of agro-ecological factors and incorporating within-State variations in poverty and other variables we show that agricultural growth and poverty reduction appear to depend on underlying agro-ecological conditions which are favourable to the spread of irrigation and hence agricultural development, which in turn in associated with poverty reduction. Promotion of agriculture in less favoured areas in unlikely to have similar effects on agriculture in less favoured areas is unlikely to have similar effects on agricultural growth even if the effects of agricultural growth on poverty remain similar, unless conditions for irrigation are favourable or rainfall is sufficiently abundant and reliable. This suggests that considerable caution may be needed in drawing policy conclusions from empirical analysis by state alone, and without regard to their underlying factor endowments.     

State Business Relations and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa

This paper contributes to the literature on the determinants of economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa by examining the effect of effective state-business relations on economic growth for a panel of 19 sub-Saharan African countries for the period 1970–2004. We propose a measure that we argue captures the various dimensions of effective state–business relations in sub-Saharan Africa. We then estimate standard growth regressions using dynamic panel data methods with this measure, along with the more conventionally used measures of institutional quality such as degree of executive constraints, the rule of law, the degree of corruption and the quality of the bureaucracy. Our results show that effective state–business relations contribute significantly to economic growth – countries which have shown improvements in state–business relations have witnessed higher economic growth, controlling for other determinants of economic growth and independent of other measures of institutional quality.     

经济全球化条件下的人力资本国际配置初探

人力资本国际配置是经济全球化的内在要求。然而,目前人力资本国际配置总体趋势是从发展中国家向发达国家的单向流动,这对世界经济的持续、均衡发展产生负面影响。因此,应从打破国际经济旧秩序、弥补“数字鸿沟”、加强合作管理等方面推动人力资本国际配置进程。     

全球外包浪潮中的东南亚：趋势、机遇与挑战

近年来发达国家的企业纷纷将其经济活动外包到发展中国家。这一全球性的现象对政策制定者和政治家都有着重大的意义。尽管还没有一个严格的定义 ,外包现象指的就是企业战略地运用外部资源来进行它过去用本地的人力物力进行的经济活动①。这就涉及到企业要与专业有效的服务提供者(通常在另一个国家)签订合同 ,要求他们长期为公司行使某些主要的职能。外包背后的主要目标是减少全球业务成本 ,保持竞争力。全球外包大致发展成了两种形式。第一种是信息技术服务外包(ITO) ,它牵涉到一个或多个服务提供者提供部分或全部信息系统 ,外包的业务通…     

非政府组织与东南亚国家政治发展

非政府组织在东南亚国家社会政治发展进程中发挥着重要作用。非政府组织的活动已经渗透各国社会经济和政治生活的许多方面。本文在简单回顾东南亚各国非政府组织发展历史的基础上,分析各国对待非政府组织的态度和政策,及其形成这些政策的原因。随着东南亚国家政治的转型,政府对非政府组织的政策也处于进一步的调整之中,其基本趋势是,相互包容,相互促进,共谋国家发展。     

我国法律中的平等保护问题

我国没有在法律层面解决权利主体的平等保护问题,有关平等保护的法律缺乏可诉性,存在主体地位或当事人之间法律关系性质不明确等问题。"法律面前人人平等"不应只被理解为法律适用的原则,更应被理解为立法上的原则。现实中存在着严重的歧视现象,虽有其社会根源,但与法律的不完善有直接关系,应予关注。