全球化背景下加强我国打击跨国犯罪的国际警务合作

全球化进程如同一把双刃剑,在促进世界经济空前融合与发展的同时,也把跨国犯罪带到了世界各个角落,能否有效打击跨国犯罪直接关系到世界的和平、安全与经济发展。结合我国国情,可以做好以下几方面工作：建立和完善我国国际警务执法合作机制;发展国际警务合作,打击国际恐怖犯罪;构建我国情报主导警务;运用控制下交付手段;完善我国引渡制度。     

人工智能时代的刑事责任体系不必重构

在人工智能时代,有必要甄别何者才是刑法面临的真正挑战,而不能动辄以新技术、新风险为由建造新的智识系统。人工智能只是人类为自身之目的而研发的高级工具,它无法被赋予“权利义务统一性”,难以改变二者之间的主客体关系。由于法人具有非生命体形象,学界常常借助单位犯罪类比论证人工智能的刑事责任主体地位,但二者存在根本不同的运行原理,肯定论对刑法中的“辨认控制能力”的认识也存在严重的以偏概全。惩罚人工智能不能实现报应、预防等目的,对其设定的刑罚引发了“技术失控-技术可控”“特殊预防无效-特殊预防有效”“刑罚设计-非刑罚性”“AI主体性-AI工具性”“消减风险-加剧风险”等五大悖论。在人工智能侵权案件中,犯罪主体只有自然人或单位,人类中心主义的责任体系具有恒久适应力,不能因应前沿科技而将刑法重构为技术管理法,更不能将之建立在修辞和想象之上。     

Development of a specific fragment pattern-based quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry method to screen adulterated products of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors and their analogues

Recently, adulterated supplements with phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE-5i) have frequently observed. New synthetic analogues obtained from the chemical modification of parent compounds are frequently found in illicit products despite continuous efforts to inspect for these adulterants. A rapid and accurate method based on quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry was developed for simultaneously confirming and quantifying 85 PDE-5i and derived analogues present in illicit products for erectile dysfunction (ED). Common ions of PDE-5i according to their similar structures were proposed based on MS/MS fragmentations. These common ions could be an important diagnosis of their presence targets or new emerging analogues in supplements. Several validation parameters were employed, resulting in a limit of detection and quantification of 0.09–8.55 ng/mL and 0.24–17.10 ng/mL, respectively. The linear correlation coefficient (r²) was higher than 0.995, and mean recoveries of target compounds were in the range of 82–118%. A total of 187 illicit products, obtained from on/offline markets over a period of 3 years (2015–2017), were screened by the established method. Approximately 53% of them were adulterated with PDE-5i or derived analogues at concentrations of 0.1–726.0 mg/g in the illicit products. In the interests of public health, this study describes a rapid and accurate method to determine PDE-5i and new emerging analogues in adulterated products.     

Decoding China

To British writer and editor David Ferguson, in terms of China's external discourse, poverty alleviation is the most important topic the country has to present to the world because it's China's biggest success story.     

A Net Result

Web writer Zhang Wei, known as Tang Jia San Shao, used to primarily write fantasy novels before he began contributing to Web literature in 2004. In February, his contemporary urban romance Embracing You Beyond Lies made it to the List of Excellent Original Web Literary Works published by the State Administration of Press and Publication and the China Writers Association (CWA).     

The Man With the Golden Pen

When Paul White first came to Beijing his plan was to stay for a year. That was in 1984. But now in 2019,"I'm still here,"the 76-year-old said with a smile.He arrived from Yorkshire, the UK, to work as a copyeditor for Xinhua News Agency, getting the job partly due to having studied Chinese as his major at the University of London.     

组织切片DNA提取的探讨

在医患关系纠纷中,病理组织切片经常被作为至关重要的证据,但对它的检验是目前法医DNA检验的难点。因样本制作固定的时间、保存环境等不同因素的影响,病理组织切片DNA检出率并不高。本文从实际检案角度出发,详细介绍了病理组织切片DNA提取的过程,并分析了其可能影响因素。     

Impact of aging on fingerprint ridge density: Anthropometry and forensic implications in sex inference

The variation in the epidermal ridge's width between the sexes, during various growth stages, and among different populations has been previously assessed. However, the changes that occur with aging are barely known.The goal of this study was to analyse the degree of variation in epidermal ridge width due to aging. So that, fingerprint ridge density was estimated to establish their relationship with body and hand size changes that typically occur in adulthood.In this study, a sample of 213 adults of both sexes from a Spanish native population of different age ranges—18–30?years old (“junior” group) and 50–66?years old (“senior” group)—was used. Ridge density was assessed in three counting areas of the distal phalanx of each finger (radial, ulnar, and proximal). Height, weight, and a set of anthropometric measurements for both hands were also taken.Our results show that ridge density is higher in females than males throughout adulthood and decreases with aging in the radial and ulnar areas (as the hands widen) but not in the proximal region. Thus, a relationship between hand dimensions and ridge density was found.The data indicate that aging changes may conceal the recognized sex differences in ridge density, and so a better understanding of the topological variations in the epidermal ridge width throughout the life cycle and the factors involved would facilitate the interpretation of the differences between the sexes and different age groups.     

我国监察侦查的学理展开

《中华人民共和国宪法修正案》(以下简称《宪法修正案》)的通过、《中华人民共和国监察法》(以下简称《监察法》)的制定、《中华人民共和国刑法诉讼法》(以下简称《刑事诉讼法》)的修改,标志着我国反腐法治化的进一步发展,将检察机关对“贪污贿赂犯罪和国家工作人员的渎职犯罪”案件的侦查权剥离给监察委员会,由监察机关按照《监察法》的内在逻辑对这些犯罪行使“调查权”,实质是将监察权引入刑事诉讼,监察机关对这些职务犯罪的调查权实质是“侦查权”。按照刑事侦查一般原理,以及我国刑事司法全面法治化的推进逻辑,特别是刑事诉讼宪法化的内在要求,《刑事诉讼法》与《监察法》未来发展需要对监察机关“调查权”一并进行调整,要围绕“侦查权”双向落位重塑“调查权”,要做到授权与控权同时并举,进一步规范立案机制,完善侦查原则,优化侦查构造,规范侦查行为。监察侦查权的法治化,既伴随着再次修宪中检察权的适度调适,也伴随着《刑事诉讼法》与《监察法》相应一并修改时检察机关侦查监督权的适度拓展。     

大鼠脊髓损伤后HIF—1α基因的表达

目的观察大鼠脊髓损伤后低氧诱导因子-1α（HIF—1α）的表达规律，探讨其在脊髓损伤发生发展过程中的作用及法医学应用。方法建立大鼠静压脊髓损伤模型，采用RT—PCR和免疫组化SP法对伤后不同时间（0、3、6、12h和1、3、5、7、11、14d）HIF-1α和HIF-1α mRNA的表达进行检测，BI2000图像分析系统分析结果。结果正常及假手术对照组大鼠脊髓组织内有低水平的HIF-1α mRNA表达，但几乎检测不到HIF-1α阳性细胞；脊髓损伤后，HIF-1α及HIF-1α mRNA表达开始升高，其中HIF-1α mRNA表达在伤后3h开始增加，3d达高峰，14d时恢复正常；HIF—1α表达在伤后3h开始增加，1d达高峰，较HIF—1α mRNA的达峰时间（伤后3d）提前。HIF-1α免疫阳性产物可见于脊髓神经元、胶质细胞、室管膜细胞及间质内的血管内皮细胞。结论脊髓损伤后HIF-1α基因表达开始升高，对组织和细胞起低氧保护作用，其表达的时序性规律可望用于法医学损伤时间推断。