“Bribery with Chinese characteristics” and the use of guanxi to obtain admission to prestigious secondary schools in urban China

Some scholars have attempted to find ways to distinguish guanxi from bribery, which can be difficult due to the role played by four traditional Chinese concepts and practices. First, people value the renqing ethic more than law, making it hard to judge whether a relation has “improper inducements.” Second, some interaction rituals used in bribery guanxi are a type of moral performance, undertaken to justify immoral practice – this mixes together guanxi practice with bribery. Third, some of the “ganqing” (affection) and esteem expressed in bribery guanxi results from this moral performance, rather than from genuine affection and esteem. Fourth, some people try to embody their relationship as an enduring guanxi, rather than one-off bribery, which exacerbates the difficulty in distinguishing guanxi from bribery. Because of the moralizing culture and the custom of mixing together renqinq and bribery, it can be difficult to distinguish bribery from guanxi by attempting to judge whether an action is purely based on esteem or coercion, on an enduring relationship or a one-off exchange, on improper inducement or proper conduct, or other such formal distinctions.     

The worker cooperative movement in South Korea: from radical autonomy to state-sanctioned accommodation

This article traces the historical evolution of worker cooperatives in South Korea from the years of Japanese colonialism to the current era. It argues that the evolution of the worker cooperative movement from radical agitation to state-sanctioned accommodation has been structured by the nature of state response to cooperative activity. Vigorously resisted by an authoritarian state from the colonial era until the late 1990s, the Korean worker cooperative movement before the 1997 economic crisis was ideologically radical, waging a class-based struggle to overcome poverty, resist the authoritarian state, and transform Korea’s economic foundations in socialist directions. Since democratization in 1987, and the Asian economic crisis in 1997, worker cooperative movements have gradually shifted their once transformational and politicized labor ontology to a deradicalized and more economically focused job-conscious ontology, partly as a result of the state-directed growth of civil society. The worker cooperative movement became less contentious as the state emerged as a collaborator of social economy initiatives. The gains won by radical worker cooperatives in opening space for pluralistic civil society in Korea in the 1980s and 1990s ultimately resulted in the depoliticization and re-incorporation of worker cooperative activists into a moderately reformed political economic system.     

Breaking Down Barriers

正Laws, regulations and legal assistance safeguard the rights of people with disabilities As a public interest lawyer serving the community, Ouyang Jihua, Executive Director of the Zhongtong Law Firm in Beijing,provides legal advice at local communities once a week. Recently, a man came to see him about his unfair termination at work. The man, who was not named, had had an accident at work and was left disabled, according to Beijing-based Legal Daily.     

The Legal Parenting Guide

There is a saying that parents are their children's first teachers. Family education concerns the growth of a child and therefore affects a country's development and social stability. Chinese parents are known for their intense involvement in their offspring's life, but some do not know how to be good parents. Now, a new law offers guidelines.     

可持续生计理念下的社会救助政策改革

我国近些年在社会救助方面进展很大,出台了一系列的社会救助政策,基本形成了综合性的社会救助制度,但仍有许多问题没有解决。可持续生计理念对于社会救助政策有着积极的意义,我国社会救助政策应该以可持续生计理念为指导并予以完善。文章从可持续生计理念的角度审视了我国当代的社会救助政策,指出其不足,并提出应该在制度设计、政府责任以及受助者参与等多方面进行改革。     

Effect of Sex Offenders Treatment Program on Cognitive and Emotional Characteristics of Mentally Ill Sex Offenders

This study assessed the effect of a 10‐week cognitive behavior treatment program in 30 mentally ill sex offenders. The effect of the program was evaluated using the Interpersonal Responsiveness Index (IRI), UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLALS), Coping Using Sex Inventory (CUSI), and Rape Myth Acceptance Scale (RMAS). Data were analyzed using the paired t‐test. The ability of sex offenders to cope with sexual acts when they faced stressful situations and to accept the rape myth was significantly improved on CUSI (t = 2.09, p = 0.04) and RMAS (t = 5.45, p < 0.001). Feelings of isolation and the ability to empathize based on IRI (t = 0.62, p = 0.54) and UCLALS (t = 0.88, p = 0.38) were not significantly improved. To prevent recidivism, treatment for mentally ill sex offenders should focus on changes in their cognitive and emotional characteristics in addition to their main psychiatric illness.     

渤海溢油事故海洋生态损害赔偿法律问题研究

2011年我国渤海溢油事故引起了社会的强烈关注,尤其对我国海洋环境保护相关法律提出了挑战。在对渤海溢油事故所涉及的"海洋生态损害"的概念界定、责任主体与索赔主体、赔偿范围、索赔额度及评估标准等法律问题进行分析后,还将揭示该溢油事故对我国海洋生态损害赔偿制度的几点启示。     

程序性证明——一个证据法学不可缺失的概念

诉讼证明过程要符合程序正义,蕴涵程序正义理念的司法审查原则与程序性辩护的理论建构及其制度化最终要以程序性问题的证明为依托,现有的证明理论无力回应,证据法学理论也因此面临着困境。程序性证明是指在刑事诉讼过程中,控、辩一方或双方依法针对各自的程序性请求或程序性争议,在中立的裁判者面前展开的论证或说服活动。程序性证明的主体由控、辩、裁三方构成,各方主体中最为重要的分别是指控方中负责案件侦查的侦查人员、辩护方中的犯罪嫌疑人与裁判方中的侦查法官;程序性证明的对象是程序性请求的理由和程序性争议;程序性证明贯穿于刑事诉讼的整个过程;程序性证明的展开具有灵活性。程序性证明的提出,不仅有助于提升证据法学应有的理论品格,还有助于捍卫和发展"法律真实说"。     

新中国成立初期周恩来对恢复和发展工业的探索

1949-1952年,在领导和组织新中国国民经济的恢复与发展过程中,周恩来坚持把工业摆在极其重要位置。根据党中央关于新中国成立初期国家建设的总体部署,周恩来提出这一时期的工业建设的主要任务是"为工业化准备基本条件",逐步使工业平稳有序地由新民主主义向社会主义方向发展。他主张接收改造原有厂矿企业与新建重点工业企业并行,在争取国外工业援助的同时要依靠自己的力量和厉行节约来发展本国工业。在这一过程中,周恩来统筹资金、土地、原料、能源、人才、技术等诸多要素以支持工业生产。经过三年多的艰辛探索,新中国的工业生产达到了历史最高水平,为巩固人民政权发挥了重要作用,同时也为制定和实施第一个五年计划以及全面推进社会主义工业化作了重要准备。     

Lessons for Life

Growth of affordable kindergartens has made preschool education more balanced After inspecting the three classes in his kindergarten,Li Ming,head of the preschool institution in Anding,a village in Yunnan Province,southwest China,feels satisfied.