程序性证明——一个证据法学不可缺失的概念

诉讼证明过程要符合程序正义,蕴涵程序正义理念的司法审查原则与程序性辩护的理论建构及其制度化最终要以程序性问题的证明为依托,现有的证明理论无力回应,证据法学理论也因此面临着困境。程序性证明是指在刑事诉讼过程中,控、辩一方或双方依法针对各自的程序性请求或程序性争议,在中立的裁判者面前展开的论证或说服活动。程序性证明的主体由控、辩、裁三方构成,各方主体中最为重要的分别是指控方中负责案件侦查的侦查人员、辩护方中的犯罪嫌疑人与裁判方中的侦查法官;程序性证明的对象是程序性请求的理由和程序性争议;程序性证明贯穿于刑事诉讼的整个过程;程序性证明的展开具有灵活性。程序性证明的提出,不仅有助于提升证据法学应有的理论品格,还有助于捍卫和发展"法律真实说"。     

Decoding China

To British writer and editor David Ferguson, in terms of China's external discourse, poverty alleviation is the most important topic the country has to present to the world because it's China's biggest success story.     

The Man With the Golden Pen

When Paul White first came to Beijing his plan was to stay for a year. That was in 1984. But now in 2019,"I'm still here,"the 76-year-old said with a smile.He arrived from Yorkshire, the UK, to work as a copyeditor for Xinhua News Agency, getting the job partly due to having studied Chinese as his major at the University of London.     

A Net Result

Web writer Zhang Wei, known as Tang Jia San Shao, used to primarily write fantasy novels before he began contributing to Web literature in 2004. In February, his contemporary urban romance Embracing You Beyond Lies made it to the List of Excellent Original Web Literary Works published by the State Administration of Press and Publication and the China Writers Association (CWA).     

人工智能时代的刑事责任体系不必重构

在人工智能时代,有必要甄别何者才是刑法面临的真正挑战,而不能动辄以新技术、新风险为由建造新的智识系统。人工智能只是人类为自身之目的而研发的高级工具,它无法被赋予“权利义务统一性”,难以改变二者之间的主客体关系。由于法人具有非生命体形象,学界常常借助单位犯罪类比论证人工智能的刑事责任主体地位,但二者存在根本不同的运行原理,肯定论对刑法中的“辨认控制能力”的认识也存在严重的以偏概全。惩罚人工智能不能实现报应、预防等目的,对其设定的刑罚引发了“技术失控-技术可控”“特殊预防无效-特殊预防有效”“刑罚设计-非刑罚性”“AI主体性-AI工具性”“消减风险-加剧风险”等五大悖论。在人工智能侵权案件中,犯罪主体只有自然人或单位,人类中心主义的责任体系具有恒久适应力,不能因应前沿科技而将刑法重构为技术管理法,更不能将之建立在修辞和想象之上。     

Development of a specific fragment pattern-based quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry method to screen adulterated products of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors and their analogues

Recently, adulterated supplements with phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE-5i) have frequently observed. New synthetic analogues obtained from the chemical modification of parent compounds are frequently found in illicit products despite continuous efforts to inspect for these adulterants. A rapid and accurate method based on quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry was developed for simultaneously confirming and quantifying 85 PDE-5i and derived analogues present in illicit products for erectile dysfunction (ED). Common ions of PDE-5i according to their similar structures were proposed based on MS/MS fragmentations. These common ions could be an important diagnosis of their presence targets or new emerging analogues in supplements. Several validation parameters were employed, resulting in a limit of detection and quantification of 0.09–8.55 ng/mL and 0.24–17.10 ng/mL, respectively. The linear correlation coefficient (r²) was higher than 0.995, and mean recoveries of target compounds were in the range of 82–118%. A total of 187 illicit products, obtained from on/offline markets over a period of 3 years (2015–2017), were screened by the established method. Approximately 53% of them were adulterated with PDE-5i or derived analogues at concentrations of 0.1–726.0 mg/g in the illicit products. In the interests of public health, this study describes a rapid and accurate method to determine PDE-5i and new emerging analogues in adulterated products.     

组织切片DNA提取的探讨

在医患关系纠纷中,病理组织切片经常被作为至关重要的证据,但对它的检验是目前法医DNA检验的难点。因样本制作固定的时间、保存环境等不同因素的影响,病理组织切片DNA检出率并不高。本文从实际检案角度出发,详细介绍了病理组织切片DNA提取的过程,并分析了其可能影响因素。     

王枣子三萜成分的研究

目的 研究王枣子中三萜类成分的化学结构.方法 利用层析方法进行成分分离,根据物理化学性质和波谱分析结果对化合物进行结构鉴定.结果 3个五环三萜经鉴定分别为2α,3α-二羟基乌苏酸(Ⅰ)、2α-羟基齐墩果酸(Ⅱ)和齐墩果酸(Ⅲ).结论 成分Ⅰ和Ⅱ在该植物中系首次分得.     

多层螺旋CT在强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节病变分期中的应用价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT(multi-slice spiral CT,MSCT)在强直性脊柱炎(ankylosing spondylitis,AS)骶髂关节病变的诊断及分期中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析82例AS患者骶髂关节的MSCT表现,对其进行分期.结果 82例中,双侧骶髂关节正常9例,单侧受累6例,双侧均受累67例...