Impact of tropical conditions on thin layer chromatography in analytical toxicology: high temperatures and moderate humidities.

The impact of high temperatures (24 to 39 degrees C) and low to moderately high humidities (20 to 70%) on the applicability of TLC systems for drug identification was studied during a 6 month climatologic cycle in Burkina Faso (West Africa). In general, the Rf values as observed on the plates were found to be substantially affected as compared with values obtained at temperate climates. Some TLC systems were more affected than others and the largest deviations of up to 30 Rf units were at low humidities. Tropical conditions also had a negative effect on the reproducibility of Rf values. However, when an Rf-correction procedure was applied, using reference mixtures of known drugs on each plate, accuracy as well as reproducibility of the resulting Rfc values were drastically improved and data thus corrected were found to be compatible with existing TLC data bases developed under moderate climatological conditions. The impact of high to extremely high humidities (70 to 100%) remains to be investigated.     

泰姬陵与万里长城——中印世界遗产保护管窥

中国和印度同是世界文明古国,拥有璀璨夺目的世界遗产和人类文明。本文运用比较研究的方法,以印度泰姬陵和中国万里长城这两大最有代表性的世界遗产为研究目标,发掘中印在世界遗产保护和开发过程中存在的相似问题,以及两国值得互相借鉴的成功经验,最后借鉴国际世界遗产领域的先进理念,对中印未来“世遗”保护和管理工作提出了改进建议。以期抛砖引玉,引起两国管理者和民众对世界遗产可持续发展问题的关注。     

Traditions of governance: interpreting the changing role of the public sector

The role of the state is changing under the impact of, for example, globalization. The changes have been variously understood as the new public management (NPM), the hollowing–out of the state and the new governance. This special issue of Public Administration explores the changing role of the state in advanced industrial democracies. It focuses on the puzzle of why states respond differently to common trends.
This introductory article has three aims. First, we provide a brief review of the existing literature on public sector reform to show that our approach is distinctive. We argue that the existing literature does not explore the ways in which governmental traditions shape reform. Second, we outline an interpretive approach to the analysis of public sector reform built on the notions of beliefs, traditions, dilemmas and narratives. We provide brief illustrations of these ideas drawn from the individual country articles. Finally, we outline the ground covered by all the chapters but we do not summarize and compare their experiences of reform. That task is reserved for the concluding article.     

脆弱的联盟——美巴关系解读

9.11事件后,美巴双方以反恐为契机,在多个领域拓展战略合作。但近来,美国和巴基斯坦之间频频发出不和谐的声音。展望未来,美巴反恐合作将面临更多复杂因素,两国关系也将面临严峻的考验,双边关系的未来走向充满着许多不确定因素。     

创设利益制度是社会和谐的法治基础——和谐社会利益关系问题的法学思考

利益矛盾和冲突不仅是社会转型期国家的显著特征,同时,也是形成不受以往制度约束的和谐环境的重要前提。本文以分析和谐社会利益制度的法律根源作为出发点,在此基础上从利益博弈的机理层面上探寻利益制度形成的逻辑起点和实体条件,以及政府如何在利益群体博弈过程中作出创新性的实验安排,进而为在我国社会转型过程中,形成社会和谐与经济发展的基础性力量,以及进一步提高政府执政合法性的问题提供必要的实践依据和理论支持。     

论刑事案件的新闻报道原则

刑事工作和对刑事案件开展的新闻报道构成对立统一的辩证关系,为了建立两者的和谐良性互动,应从价值、真实标准、控制力量、信息、程序等方面对两者进行比较分析。在以马列主义等科学哲理和依法治国目标等为主要内容的指导思想指引下,新闻工作应避免与前者消极的冲突,寻找共赢的互补,坚持"三个有利于"的标准选择案件进行报道,遵守合法、平衡和全程、无罪推定、追求客观真实,尊重法律真实等原则。     

试析国际体系结构转型:范式界定、特点与趋势

当前,构成现行国际体系的许多要素或已消失,或正处于消失、转变的过程中。国际体系各个层面、领域呈现明显的动荡不定状态。国际体系结构处于一种"复合状态"之中,多种国际政治文化、国家关系互动模式、国际行为逻辑和发展趋势在不同地区、不同经济和社会发展水平国家间同时存在与发展。国际体系结构转型最重要特征就在于这种"复合状态"的普遍存在。国际体系结构日益复杂化有利于体系宏观结构朝进步的方向发生变化,并对微观权力转移产生越来越大的和平压力。二战后国际体系微观权力结构出现重要的和平转变表明,传统现实主义战略思维及其遵循的行为逻辑,已不足以充分解释和应对越来越复杂的国际环境。     

Logical evaluation of evidence when a person is suspected of committing two separate offences.

We consider the problem of drawing inferences within a legal framework when a person is a suspect for two separate offences. Although we are primarily concerned with scientific evidence the issue inevitably arises as to how that evidence interacts with other, non-scientific evidence. We show that, in this particular context, the evidence can be conveniently classified into three categories that concern, respectively: the first crime only; the second crime only; and evidence that relates to similarities between the two crimes. Two case examples are considered and we consider DNA, fibres and eyewitness evidence. These are viewed from the perspective of a prosecutor who has to decide whether or not to charge a suspect with one or both crimes. Graphical sensivity analyses are presented which have features that are not intuitively obvious.     

我国封建社会的理冤制度及其借鉴

<正> 任何类型的诉论中,统治者出于维护本阶级统治的需要,都在法律中规定了相应的理冤措施,以弥补审判机关裁决中出现的错误。本文试就我国封建社会的理冤制度及其借鉴作如下探讨。一、我国封建社会的理冤制度我国封建社会的立法中,虽没有明确的再审制度之名,但对确有错误的生效判决却有重新审理之实。从当事人或他人申诉的角度来说,有复审制度和直诉制度,从皇帝或司法机关主动发现和纠正冤错案件的角度来说,有录囚制度和监察制度。