预算立宪原理

代议机关对行政机关收入的决定权,代议机关对行政机关支出计划的决定权,预算的制定程序,预算的执行和预算执行情况的监督,都是宪法应该直接规定的问题.或者说,这五大问题都是宪法问题.它们合起来构成预算制度.只有宪法对这些问题直接予以规定,才从宪法层面完整地抓住了预算制度的要害,赋予代议机关对财政的完整控制权.宪法这样完整地规定代议机关的财政决定权有两个积极意义:一是从宪法层面解决财政的民主性问题,借以促使政府民主执政;二是从宪法层面解决财政的法治性问题,借以促使政府依法执政.     

从“第三条道路”理论看德国劳动力市场政策的转向——基于对哈茨改革的分析

为了改变德国所面临的高失业率等困境,社民党和绿党联合执政时期推出了《2010改革议程》一揽子改革计划,这其中包括了针对劳动力市场实施的“哈茨改革”。本文首先从历史纵向上分析德国劳动力市场政策的发展,然后以“第三条道路”理论为依托,指出哈茨改革带来了德国劳动力市场政策的范式变迁,即德国劳动力市场政策已经从积极型转向了激励型,这种转向不只是体现在政策目标上,而且也落实在具体政策措施上。本文最后论述了由基民盟／基社盟与社民党组成的大联合政府期间以及由基民盟／基社盟与自民党组成的新联合政府对哈茨改革的部分修正。     

Associations Between Smoking and Extreme Dieting Among Adolescents

This study examined the association between cigarette smoking and dieting behaviors and trends in that association among US adolescents in grades 9–12 between 1999 and 2007. Youth Risk Behavior Survey datasets were analyzed using the multivariable logistic regression method. The sample size of each survey year ranged from 13,554 to 15,273 with girls representing 49–51% of the sample (N = 71,854). About 62% of the entire study participants were whites and 14% were blacks. Prevalence estimates of current smoking and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were computed across four comparison groups formed by gender and body weight. Extreme dieting was an independent predictor of smoking. Extreme dieters showed a higher variability of smoking behavior than their peers. The magnitude of the association between smoking and extreme dieting became smaller in recent years among adolescents but remained unchanged among non-overweight girls over that same time period. When adolescent smoking behavior is examined, the intensity of dieting behavior should be considered within its association with other co-occurring unhealthy behaviors.     

劳动关系研究英美模式比较——形成的回顾与20世纪80年代后的变化

美国和英国是劳动关系理论发源地,也是对劳动关系理论发展做出重大贡献的国家。他们为劳动关系研究提供了最基本的研究范式。由于两个国家工业化的道路不同,工会运动发展的路径不同,两国劳动关系的研究在研究范围、研究方法、学者和学科来源以及构成上都存在一定差异。     

中原油田劳务派遣工劳动权益问题的调研与思考

劳务派遣作为一种新型的、特殊的劳动用工形式,近年来在我国得到迅速发展,成为某些企业用工主流方式.劳务派遣工的劳动权益维护也逐渐成为一项社会问题,对于这一问题的解决,需要各界人士献计献策,需要党和国家的政策支持和各级工会组织的紧密配合.     

网络问政的政府回应逻辑：公开承诺压力与选择性回应——基于66个政府网站领导信箱的实验设计

立足我国制度环境与行政体制,建构了网络问政领导信箱回应运行理论框架,提出影响回应绩效五个影响因素,包括行政系统区域特点与领导者特质两个内部因素,外部因素包括政治压力、舆论压力及诉求压力三个维度。采用德尔菲法建构了领导信箱回应绩效指标体系,并采用实验设计搜集66个领导信箱网络问政回应的有效样本。实证结果显示：政治压力中的公开承诺程度对回应绩效有正向效应,诉求压力中的诉求类别对回应绩效有显著影响,政府回应存在“选择性回应”问题。为了进一步提升政府网站领导信箱的回应绩效,可以完善内部回应流程、公开对外服务承诺与建立自下而上回应性问责机制。     

论立法语言的模糊性

立法语言模糊性研究是法律语言研究的重要内容,消除立法语言的模糊性是司法公正的前提。立法语言模糊性表现在:语义模糊、语用模糊。立法语言模糊性有积极功能也有消极功能。消除立法语言的模糊性的建议是:通过立法解释、立法语言解释、借鉴国外相关立法经验,研究并提高立法水平和技术,让语言学者参与立法过程。     

论强制程序条款下辩方证人出庭

对质条款和强制程序条款作为保障被告人权利的重要条款,是证人出庭的两条基本依据。目前刑事诉讼领域的立法和实践主要聚焦于对质条款下的证人出庭,对依据强制程序条款下的证人出庭程序缺乏足够的重视,使得对质条款和强制程序条款的平衡性丧失。辩护律师依此条款申请辩方证人出庭,人民法院认为确有必要的应当同意;证人可以主张不得强迫自证其罪特权,但不能以近亲属特权、律师当事人特权或者国家秘密作为拒绝作证的理由;对拒不出庭或者出庭后拒绝作证的可以强制到庭和司法拘留;增加规定携带证据到庭的通知书等。     

How empowering leadership reduces employee silence in public organizations

The intentional withholding of critical work‐related information can have serious negative consequences in public organizations. Yet, few studies have examined why public employees intentionally remain silent about problems and how to prevent such behaviour. This article provides insights into how managers may lower employee silence in government organizations. We develop a model that suggests that empowering leadership by frontline supervisors reduces public employee silence, by improving employee trust in their supervisors, granting employees control over their jobs, and strengthening identification with the organization. We test the model in two cross‐sectional studies with data collected from all employees working in two local governments in the United States. We find empirical support for the model in both studies. We discuss the implications of the research results for public management scholarship and practice.     

Membership Premium or Self-Selection? Communist Party Recruitment and Social Stratification in Urban China

Journal of Chinese Political Science - Although a large literature has found the enduring income advantages of Communist Party members in post-reform socialist economies, little is known about...