Political incrementalism: Political lessons from China's 20 years of reform

The recent crackdown by the Chinese Communist Party government on the efforts of Chinese dissidents to organise the China New Democratic Party has raised a serious question among scholars: why has the Chinese leadership been so reluctant to initiate democratic reforms? But an equally important question is: how has the Chinese political system been able to accommodate drastic socioeconomic changes? Although Chinese leaders from Deng Xiaoping to Jiang Zemin have strongly opposed the Western style of democracy, they have continuously adjusted the country's political system to prevent socioeconomic chaos from occuring, chaos that has troubled many former communist states and Third World countries. This paper explores China's political incrementalism and explains how incremental political reforms have worked. It argues that, although Chinese leaders have so far been successful in accommodating social changes through incrementalism, they are still uncertain about how to cope with increasing social demands for political reform and democratisation.     

膜攻击复合物对继发性脑损伤的影响

脑损伤后普遍存在的炎性反应激活补体并通过多种途径导致和加重继发性脑损伤。膜攻击复合物具有直接破坏血脑屏障、促使红细胞溶解、促进释放细胞因子、氧自由基和金属基质蛋白、加剧炎症反应的生物特性,从而加重继发性脑损伤。本文对膜攻击复合物造成继发性脑损伤的研究进行综述,希望能对相关研究和法医学鉴定提供参考。     

Messenger RNA Profiling for Forensic Body Fluid Identification： Research and Applications

Identifying the origin of body fluids left at a crime scene can give a significant insight into crime scene reconstruction by supporting a link betw een sample donors and actual criminal acts. How ev-er, the conventional body fluid identification methods are prone to various limitations, such as time con-sumption, intensive labor, nonparallel manner, varying degrees of sensitivity and limited specificity. Re-cently, the analysis of cell-specific messenger RNA expression （mRNA profiling） has been proposed to supplant conventional methods for body fluid identification. Since 2011, the collaborative exercises have been organized by the European DNA Profiling Group （EDNAP ） in order to evaluate the robustness and reproducibility of mRNA profiling for body fluid identification. The major advantages of mRNA profil-ing, compared to the conventional methods, include higher sensitivity, greater specificity, the ability of detecting several body fluids in one multiplex reaction, and compatibilitywith current DNA extraction and analysis procedure. In the current review ,we provided an overview of the present know ledge and detection methodologies of mRNA profiling for forensic body fluid identification and discussed its possi-ble practical application to forensic casew ork.     

刍议医疗损害技术鉴定二元化现状的应因之道

《侵权责任法》颁布实施已经2年多,国家立法机关及最高人民法院迟迟没有出台关于医疗损害技术鉴定的法律解释。一些省、直辖市出台了地方性规定,但做法各不相同,理论上并没有彻底解决鉴定二元化的问题。目前部分地区医疗损害司法鉴定似乎出现一种无序状态,严重影响了医疗损害争议案件的解决,急需尽快完善顶层设计,规范鉴定机制,尽快结束鉴定的二元化局面,为医疗损害争议案件诉讼的解决提供保障。     

危难救助者的行政补偿研究

在现实生活中,危难救助者的损失往往得不到应有的赔偿或补偿,导致人们对危难救助行为心存疑虑.然而,随着风险社会的出现及其程度不断加深,在防范和化解风险过程中,一种最有效的途径无疑是让社会大众共同分担救助他人的义务,这相当于为国家履行职责.因此,国家的责任不可或缺.根据行政补偿理论中的公共负担平等说,国家应当对危难救助者给予行政补偿,以弥补其因救助行为所造成的损失.     

中国发展国际服务贸易的思考与法律完善

随着生产力的发展和全球信息化、网络化的发展,世界经济中心已向服务业倾斜,服务贸易的发展水平已经成为一个国家综合国力和影响力的体现.服务贸易将成为WTO新一轮谈判以及区域性经济合作谈判的主要议题,鉴于此,我们有必要探究国际服务贸易的法律渊源、内涵及对我国的利与弊.只有全面了解国际服务贸易的属性,才能逐步完善我国的服务贸易立法,才能在未来世界经济中打适中国服务品牌,传播中国文化,发展对外经济,充分迎接TPP的挑战.     

A comparison of wrongful convictions in death penalty cases between China and the United States

In recent years, both China and the United States (US) have discovered numerous wrongful convictions, including several cases in which innocent people have been sentenced to death. These discoveries have led both countries to reform the death penalty but the extent and nature of the reforms in each country have been greatly different. This article explores the similarities and differences between the nature of wrongful convictions in death penalty cases in China and the US. It will also compare the reforms undertaken in each country. On the whole, the US has made greater progress in the prevention and correction of wrongful convictions involving the death penalty, especially in the areas of evidentiary rules and post-conviction review. In order for China to match America's success, it is necessary that China adopt more substantive reforms. China should learn from America's experience and should continue to adopt international standards of criminal justice, such as due process rights, the presumption of innocence and the exclusion of illegally obtained evidence. In the interim, China should immediately suspend all executions until adequate reforms can be carried out. Ultimately, China should surpass the US in criminal-justice reform and in the field of human rights protection by completely abolishing the death penalty and creating a more effective mechanism for criminal punishment.     

公安院校治安类课程与信息技术整合的思考——以上海公安高等专科学校“视频巡逻”课程为例

信息技术与课程整合是指将信息技术有机地与教学结构、课程内容、课程资源以及课程实施等融合为一体,使其成为课程的有机组成部分,成为与课程内容和课程实施高度和谐自然的有机部分。上海公安高等专科学校正是基于以上理念,对治安类课程与信息技术整合进行了为期三年的实践探索,并取得了一定的成效。     

论我国《继承法》遗产范围的重构——兼评杨立新、杨震教授版《〈继承法〉修正草案建议稿》遗产范围规制

《继承法》以列举的方式具体规定了遗产范围,这种方式已经无法满足现今经济社会对《继承法》的客观要求。对遗产范围制度的修正,主要应通过采纳遗产概括承受主义,从而将消极财产纳入遗产范围中;采纳不完全遗产制度,以防止继承人恶意逃债;对新型财产性权益、具有人格要素的物、特定法律资格与行为的继承,则应不局限于其法学属性的理论争议,通过立法技术实现对其继承方式的法律规制。这种对《继承法》现代化修正的立法精神本质,是法律主体对因经济基础发生变革而导致的遗产种类多元化、遗产权利义务关系复杂化的法价值需求的实践活动,是对继承权客体制度本土化移植的体系化修正,从而实现法律上层建筑与社会经济基础相适应的法价值选择。     

武陵山区农村公共产品供给优先序研究

武陵山区属于中国的＂连片特困区＂,受当地财政状况制约,农村公共产品的供给必须向最紧迫的公共产品倾斜,因此,确定各种供给的先后顺序是当前急需解决的问题。由于特殊贫困,当地的私人产品与公共产品的边界发生了改变,房屋等农民无力承担的私人产品变成准公共产品,准公共产品也因贫困变为纯公共产品。在供给过程中,首先保证农民的最基本生存权,确保当地村民的最基本生活,包括危房改建,义务教育,清洁饮水设施以及通电供应等。由于当地生态的脆弱性和重要性,公共产品的供应必须以不破坏当地的自然环境为前提。