Prevalence of blood alcohol in fatal traffic crashes in Shanghai

The objective of this project was to investigate the incidence of alcohol consumption in fatal traffic deaths in Shanghai, one of the largest cities in China. A study was conducted on 803 individuals killed in road accidents during the period 2009–2011, in terms of alcohol-positive rate, mean blood alcohol content (BAC), gender, age, vehicle type, pedestrian alcohol problem, single-vehicle vs multiple-vehicle crashes, and time of day. It was found that 28.9% of the drivers involved had a BAC ≥ 0.20 mg/mL (limit of civil offense) and 21.8% had a BAC ≥ 0.80 mg/mL (limit of criminal offense). The mean BAC of alcohol-positive drivers (with a BAC ≥ 0.20 mg/mL) was 1.51 mg/mL. The vast majority of the drivers involved were males. With regards to age, the largest group was of drivers aged between 40 and 49 years group in both alcohol-negative cases (26.8%) and alcohol-positive cases (26.2%). Motorcycles were most likely to be involved, representing 34.4% of alcohol-negative crashes and 51.6% of alcohol-positive crashes. Very high BACs were common among alcohol-positive pedestrians, yet all female pedestrians were alcohol-negative. Single-vehicle crashes were over-represented in alcohol-positive cases. Alcohol-negative crashes and alcohol-positive crashes most often happened during the time period of 17:00–18:59 and 19:00–20:59, respectively.     

我国公立大学组织管理的逻辑基础分析

作为社会组织的一种类型,公立大学具有明显的社会公共性质,但也具有遵循教育客观发展规律的学术本位特殊性质。本文从组织管理的逻辑起点出发发现:学科目录逻辑、问题导向逻辑和单位治理逻辑是我国公立大学组织管理的现实逻辑基础,并可汇集为政治逻辑的综合,这在一定程度上偏离了大学组织学术本位的原则,不利于公立大学按照高等教育发展规律以提升大学的学术创新能力,需要从基于认识论的学术逻辑出发,反思与重构多样性、自组织的学术组织管理及其治理机制,改革相应的管理体制。     

高校廉政建设的深层思考与对策

高校廉政建设是一项多方位、多层次、多途径的艰巨而长期的系统工程。本文基于高校廉政建设的主要特点进行实证研究,在剖析造成高校腐败的深层次原因的基础上,提出在加大查处惩治力度的同时,应加强在源头上的预防和综合治理,合理配置教育资源,减少寻租机会,完善内部治理结构,逐步去行政化,保证有力的制约监督与惩治,建立反腐倡廉综合治理长效机制等对策,以推动高校廉政建设的发展,不断提高监督力度和效果,从根本上遏制高校腐败滋生蔓延,保证高等教育事业的健康发展。     

Rising Confidence Behind the “Chinese Dream”

Since November 2012, the Chinese leaders have been calling for the Chinese people to become confident in achieving the “Chinese Dream”. Given the mounting political, economic and social problems that China is facing and low rankings China receives on some key indicators on a global scale of comparison, one has to wonder where China’s confidence comes from. This study suggests that what gives China the reasons to be confident is not how well China has been performing in absolute terms, but how China has been performing relative to its neighboring countries. This study has selected three of China’s biggest neighbors, Japan, Russia and India, to compare with China on seven systems of performance assessment which cover the areas of government effectiveness, economic confidence, foreign direct investment confidence, intentional homicide, gender gap, international tourism, and global competitiveness. It finds that while Japan is still ahead of China in a few areas of performance assessment, China is closing in on Japan fast. On the other hand, Russia and India are trailing China in most areas of performance assessment and the gap between them is widening. Throughout the 20th Century, Russia, China and India all struggled to pursue their dreams of becoming strong and prosperous in the face of challenges from the Western powers. Today, China seems one step ahead of the rest toward achieving its dream. Behind the “Chinese Dream” project is the rising confidence about China’s current position and China’s future.     

民间法司法适用的作用与价值

民间法是在一定区域内,由习惯风俗长久演变而来的逐步制度化的规则,具有地域性、非正式性和内生权威性等特点。虽然民间法与正式的国家法有所不同,但它在维护乡土社会的稳定和解决婚姻家庭矛盾方面具有重要的意义。因此,国家应当重视并有效地利用在社会中起实际调整作用的民间法。在我国社会转型时期,分析民间法与国家法的关系,解决民间法与国家法的冲突,探索民间法司法适用的合理性,对我国法律继承和法律的完善起着重要的作用。     

制衡的法理学——读O·列依斯特的《三种法律思想》

<正> 俄罗斯莫斯科大学教授O·列依斯特在其《三种法律思想》一文中,对他称之为“奠定了法学理论基础”的法律思想——规范法学派、社会法学派和道德法学派(又称自然法学派)——进行了别具慧眼的分析和匠心独运的概括。他认为,三种基本法律思想各有依据和系统批判其他学派的观点,各有独特的社会意义和难以互相取代的理论地位。最终形成相互批判、相互补     

海明威旅游与创作关系探索

海明威是20世纪美国著名的作家,他一生酷爱旅游,旅游与他的作品之间有着复杂的关系。他把战争的经历,西班牙的斗牛和内战,非洲的青山,古巴的碧水写进他的作品中,显现出旅游是他创作的动力和源泉。     

当代中国新公共管理模式可行性的生态分析

西方新公共管理运动成功的决定因素在于:官僚制的高度发育、市场经济的高度发达、市民社会的发展及强大。当前的中国公共行政缺乏这三个条件的支持,新公共管理模式在中国的推行存在着制约条件。     

死刑适用基本标准之统一——中国死刑发展一种可行视角

当今中国死刑严格限制或废除之路由于与民意发生极大抵触似乎已然陷入了瓶颈状态,而中国《刑法》分则和司法实践对死刑适用基本标准之长期悖逆恰为我们避开民意这一雷区,从立法技术和司法适用自身探寻现阶段死刑严格限制之方法,以便在无震荡或最小震荡情况下达到严格限制死刑之目的,提供了一种可行的视角。