论公证的证据效力

证据效力是公证的基本效力之一,也被视为公证与私证的主要区别。公证的证据效力包括两方面内容:一是公证证明的内容属于司法认知的范畴;二是从证据材料的优先性来看,经过公证的书证证明力大于一般的书证。公证的公信力是公证证据效力的渊源,而相关法律规定也为这种公信力提供了保障。公证证据在诉讼证明中可以成为书证,经过公证的法律行为、法律事实和文书属于可予认知的内容,只是在形式上具有初步可信的证明效力,因而在某种程度上是可辩驳和推翻的。目前,公证证据在我国仅适用于民事诉讼,在刑事诉讼中的运用应受到限制,一般不宜成为司法认知的对象、不能直接作为定罪量刑的依据。     

比例原则与监听刍议--兼论监听立法之完善

监听是一种秘密侦查手段,在实践中已为侦查机关广泛采用,但迄今为止我国没有任何一部法律对之做出规制,导致司法实践中侵犯公民权利的现象时有发生,从而迫切需要立法予以完善.比例原则在西方许多国家和地区是其公法领域的一项基本原则,其基本价值所在就是保障人权、防止权力的滥用.因此,比例原则与监听有着天然的密切联系,她可以作为设计监听立法的指导原则和操作标准,以此防止国家侦查权的滥用和保护公民的基本人权.     

开放经济下欠发达的西部民族地区优势产业选择

西部少数民族地区都是欠发达区域,对于民族地区经济发展落后的原因,很多学者给出了解释;本文认为由低水平的分工和专业化所导致的经济结构和产业结构停滞不前影响了区域经济增长;开放经济下欠发达民族地区必须融入经济竞争的市场中,并利用其自身资源优势,在比较优势的原则下.选择有民族特色的产业作为重点优势产业发展,才能促进民族地区经济发展.     

中国共产党廉政建设的历程与经验

廉政建设是防止权力异化的有效路径,也是中国共产党治国理政的重要任务。中国共产党廉政建设以马克思主义廉政思想为思想源泉、中国传统廉政文化为理论基因、全面从严治党为现实考量,有着深厚的理论积淀和现实基础。中国共产党廉政建设历经初步探索、曲折前行、恢复发展与全面深化四个阶段,综合个人德行、法治反腐、制度建设、廉政文化形成了四位一体的实现路径,为新时代党的廉政建设积累了重要经验。     

农民工职业素养与层级差异的产生

因为员工个人的职业素养关系到企业命运,所以,现在越来越多的企业在考察员工时,莫不以此做试金石.企业能够并且愿意做的,往往是以就业者个人职业素养的高低分配利益,安排岗位.这种情况下,那些具有比较高职业素养的农民,往往不仅更容易找到理想的雇用者,而且更容易获得比较"好"的工作岗位和个人收益.而那些个人职业素养偏低的农民,不仅难以找到想要的工作,而且难以找到想要的工作岗位.个人职业素养的差异,就这样最终导致农民工群体分道扬镳,出现层级差异.     

Die Kolonien in Europa

Ohne Zusammenfassung

---

Care-Politiken,Care-Arbeitsmarkt und Ungleichheit: Schweden,Deutschland und Italien im Vergleich

Social and demographic changes in western societies have led to a (re-)definition of social rights related to care-dependency and the introduction of further regulations of formal and informal care delivery. Care has increasingly become provided in the public sectors – the state, market and civic sector – and new types of cash benefits to support informal family care have been introduced. In this article, the concept of social care is used as a theoretical tool to analyse the relationship between the (re-)definition of social rights, the growth of a regular or grey care labour market and the related development of new forms of inequality according to socio-economic class and ethnicity in the female dominated area. The empirical comparison of the developments in Sweden, Germany and Italy reveals the dimensions of social rights – eligibility criteria, level and types of benefits – which are decisive for the growth of a regular and grey care labour market and the intersection of different forms of inequality.     

Nationale und globale Ungleichheit

The impact of globalization on the structure of social inequality is controversial discussed in actual debates. The national focused research is challenged by globalists. The article concentrates on the problem of order and shows how this is solved by the national structures of social inequality. In the next step the reasons for and against the national solution are presented. Finally the possibility of transnational constituting structures of social inequality is examined. How probable is the structuration of global inequality if basic elements of order are missing on this level?     

The Role of Perceived Parental Knowledge on Emerging Adults’ Risk Behaviors

The purpose of this study was to gain a clearer understanding of the relation between parents’ knowledge of their emerging-adult children and emerging adults’ risk behaviors. Participants included 200 undergraduate students between the ages of 18 and 25 (121 women, 78 men; M _age = 19.59, SD = 1.62) and both of their parents. Results revealed that knowledge of the emerging-adult child’s activities varied as a function of parent- and child-reports, and that child outcomes associated with parental knowledge were generally positive, including less drinking, drug use, and risky sexual behavior (although this varied as a function of reporter). The links between maternal knowledge and lower drug and alcohol use were particularly strong in the presence of maternal closeness. Implications for understanding the parent–child relationship during the transition to adulthood were discussed.