论公证的证据效力

证据效力是公证的基本效力之一,也被视为公证与私证的主要区别。公证的证据效力包括两方面内容:一是公证证明的内容属于司法认知的范畴;二是从证据材料的优先性来看,经过公证的书证证明力大于一般的书证。公证的公信力是公证证据效力的渊源,而相关法律规定也为这种公信力提供了保障。公证证据在诉讼证明中可以成为书证,经过公证的法律行为、法律事实和文书属于可予认知的内容,只是在形式上具有初步可信的证明效力,因而在某种程度上是可辩驳和推翻的。目前,公证证据在我国仅适用于民事诉讼,在刑事诉讼中的运用应受到限制,一般不宜成为司法认知的对象、不能直接作为定罪量刑的依据。     

比例原则与监听刍议--兼论监听立法之完善

监听是一种秘密侦查手段,在实践中已为侦查机关广泛采用,但迄今为止我国没有任何一部法律对之做出规制,导致司法实践中侵犯公民权利的现象时有发生,从而迫切需要立法予以完善.比例原则在西方许多国家和地区是其公法领域的一项基本原则,其基本价值所在就是保障人权、防止权力的滥用.因此,比例原则与监听有着天然的密切联系,她可以作为设计监听立法的指导原则和操作标准,以此防止国家侦查权的滥用和保护公民的基本人权.     

Economic Threats or Societal Turmoil? Understanding Preferences for Authoritarian Political Systems

Why do some individuals prefer to be governed in an authoritarian political system? One intuitive answer is that citizens prefer authoritarian rule when the economy and society are in turmoil. These are common explanations for democratic backsliding, and the emergence and success of authoritarian leaders in the twentieth century. Which of these explanations better explains preferences for authoritarian rule? Both types of threat coincide in small samples and high-profile cases, creating inferential problems. I address this by using three waves of World Values Survey data to look at individual-level preferences for different forms of authoritarian government. Using multiple macroeconomic and societal indicators, I find that economic threats, especially increasing income inequality, better explain preferences for authoritarian government. I conclude with implications for understanding the emergence of support for authoritarianism in fledgling democracies.     

The belt and road initiative: domestic interests,bureaucratic politics and the EU-China relations

Asia Europe Journal - This article explores the linkages between domestic affairs and foreign policies in China in fulfilling its grand ambition of Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). It examines the...     

论强化军民融合发展战略的宪法基础

军民融合发展作为一项国家战略,是实现富国强军的必然选择,也是我国宪法规范的重要内容.从世界范围看,军民融合发展模式的确立与管理体制机制的建立无不体现各国宪法的规范作用.为推进我国军民融合发展战略的深入发展,必须加快完善我国宪法规范,积极推动包括国防和军事领导体制在内的国家各项重大制度改革,强化宪法对军民融合发展战略的规范与指导.在宪法层面应明确各级国家相应机构的职权,建立统一、权威、高效的国家军民融合管理体制,形成稳定权威的军民融合领导机构和组织协调机制,为全面实施军民融合发展战略提供坚实的宪法法律保障.     

Robert Tollison and operationalizing public choice

In this tribute to Robert Tollison, I will outline his contributions to the development of public choice. I focus on Tollison’s work on rent-seeking, the political economy of reform, and the rules level of analysis in sports economics. Throughout his career, Tollison brilliantly figured out ways to take insights from price theory and public choice theory and operationalize them using multiple methods of empirical analysis, including historical interpretation and statistical testing.     

A Different Carbon Tax: The Sustainable Green Tariff

Two heated current political arguments focus on carbon taxes and tariffs. This essay will develop an argument for linking carbon emissions with tariffs, through a tax on goods entering a country based on the method of transport and distance traveled, rather than based on the country of origin or category of the product. The result would be to encourage more sustainable local production, to reduce currently externalized costs of carbon emissions, to generate new tax revenues to fund reductions in regressive social insurance taxes, and to provide benefits for those adversely affected by carbon emissions.     

Appeal rate and caseload: evidence from civil litigation in Korea

Courts of modern democratic societies have generally implemented appeal procedures to correct potential errors in ruling. However, considering the time and effort that both litigants spend, availability of an appeal cannot be better than reaching the correct judgment in the original case. This difficulty raises the policy issue of how to reduce the rate of appeals and improve welfare of litigants. In this paper, we assert that lower caseloads allow judges to expend more time and effort on each case, contributing to lower appeal rates. Analysis of court-level data from Korea corroborates our inference.