论职务发明奖酬立法的优化思路及具体措施

我国现行职务发明奖酬立法由于法出多门、体系化不足,相关法律规定存在诸多不一致及不合理之处.在驱动知识产权强国战略的新要求下,针对奖酬立法存在的问题,需要坚持明确新人本主义基础上的利益平衡理念、促进职务发明奖酬立法体系化、体现奖酬意思自治原则的宏观思路,对整个职务发明奖酬立法体系和具体措施加以优化,避免职务发明奖酬立法成为职务发明奖酬实现的阻碍.     

现代民主宪制理论的两种思想形态——以韦伯与施密特的差异为焦点

韦伯的政治著述是现代政治理论的典范,对当代世界政治和法律理论研究具有划定问题史的意义.施密特脱离韦伯政治理论的体系与前提,极端化地推演了韦伯的决断主义与克里斯玛型领袖民主等范畴,为纳粹极权体制的极端价值相对主义进行辩护,与韦伯政治著述的根本价值关切严重对立.哈贝马斯既反思了韦伯民主理论的规范性真空这一缺陷,又继承了韦伯对现代性与理性化铁笼困境的诊断,致力于批判与根除纳粹德国非理性思想传统的影响,并以商谈理论重构了自由、民主和法治的规范性基础,为填补韦伯的规范性真空作出了贡献.以哈贝马斯提出的思想史问题为切入点,阐释韦伯民主理论的总体问题意识与内在价值链条,分析施密特与韦伯理论的外在联系与根本差异,能清晰呈现关于现代民主的经典思想形态及其内在张力.     

最高人民检察院第二十三批指导性案例解读

近期,经第十三届检察委员会第五十四次会议审议通过,最高人民检察院发布了以“检察机关依法履职促进社会治理”为主题的第二十三批指导性案例,指导各级检察机关进一步依法履行检察职能,促进社会治理创新,推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化。现结合相关情况,对该批案例作出解读。     

基于X-射线衍射法检测甲基苯丙胺晶体并推断来源

目的采用X-射线衍射法(XRD)建立一种快速检测甲基苯丙胺晶体并推断其来源的方法。方法对18起案件中的53份甲基苯丙胺样本进行XRD检验。结果通过分析主要特征峰强度比例,可以得到毒品的定性分析结果,以及样本的晶型取向信息;通过分析XRD谱图中毒品的特征峰半峰宽信息可以得到毒品的结晶度;对样本中明显的杂质峰进行比对,即可得到毒品来源信息参考。结论该方法简便快捷、无损样本、无污染,能够快速、准确、高效地分析结晶状毒品,为确定制贩毒集团上下线及涉毒案件串并案提供佐证。     

论德国联邦议院议席分配制度与选举平等原则——以联邦宪法法院的判决为中心

德国联邦议院的议席分配制度有着鲜明的特色,5%条款、基本议席和超额议席等制度保证了德国政治的稳定性和德国各政党、各阶层的利益。但是,议席分配制度也因排除小党、过于偏重大党利益,受到是否违背选举平等原则的质疑,并引发一系列宪法争讼。联邦宪法法院通过构建选举平等原则的精细化体系,在选举平等原则的框架内合理解释议席分配制度,既维护了议席分配制度的稳定性,又推动了议席分配制度能够适应德国政局的发展。     

Subjective Invulnerability,Optimism Bias and Adjustment in Emerging Adulthood

The relationship between subjective invulnerability and optimism bias in risk appraisal, and their comparative association with indices of risk activity, substance use and college adjustment problems was assessed in a sample of 350 (M _age = 20.17; 73% female; 93% White/European American) emerging adults. Subjective invulnerability was measured with the newly devised adolescent invulnerability scale (AIS). Optimism bias in decision-making was assessed with a standard comparative-conditional risk appraisal task. Results showed that the danger- and psychological invulnerability subscales of the AIS demonstrated strong internal consistency and evidence of predictive validity. Subjective invulnerability and optimism bias were also shown to be empirically distinct constructs with differential ability to predict risk and adjustment. Danger invulnerability and psychological invulnerability were more pervasively associated with risk behavior than was optimism bias; and psychological invulnerability counter-indicated depression, self-esteem and interpersonal problems. Results support recent claims regarding the “two faces” of adolescent invulnerability. Implications for future research are drawn.     

‘Illegal Migrants’, Gender and Vulnerability: The Case of the EU’s Returns Directive

Feminist legal efforts to make sense of the external migration policies of the European Union (EU) have focused almost exclusively on the EU’s initiatives against trafficking in women. This article examines one of the more neglected areas of EU immigration policy—the return of ‘illegal immigrants’. It analyses the so-called 2008 Returns Directive in the light of the multidimensional inequalities experienced by migrant women, which affect their migration status and expose some of them to the threat of removal. Owing to insecurities over external migration, the Directive constructs even the most vulnerable migrants as a threat to be controlled and is likely to result in detrimental consequences for many migrants, and in particular already vulnerable women who are likely to be further disadvantaged by it.