Applications of GIS in Public Security Agencies in China

The application of GIS in the public security industry is generally called “Police Geographic Information System (PGIS)” in Mainland China. Although China’s PGIS play important roles in protecting public safety and smart policing, no publications on this subject are found in English. This paper provides an overview of the four main development stages of PGIS in public security agencies in mainland China: the early exploration stage; the multi-department PGIS system development stage; the centralization stage; and the spread and improvement stage. Successful GIS applications and practices in local police departments are also introduced in this paper. At the end of this paper, three problems and challenges faced in the development of PGIS are introduced, involving the current PGIS application depth; the support of crime mapping and crime analysis theoretical research on policing practices; and the introduction and localization of mature foreign crime analysis and prediction technology. Additionally, we point out that the implementation of smart policing strategies under the context of big data has created favorable conditions for subsequent crime analysis, research, and application, encouraging police departments to more frequently take initiative by cooperating with research institutions in crime analysis and prediction technology research. These new opportunities will inevitably promote the rapid development of PGIS and the geography of crime in China.

     

同步录音录像背景下职务犯罪侦查讯问的策略

职务犯罪侦查审讯全程同步录音录像的规定,将相关审讯活动暴露于镜头下,对职务犯罪侦查讯问提出了更高要求。侦查人员在讯问前要通过深入初查全面了解涉案信息,并制定详实讯问方案。讯问之初要及时予以法律政策教育,并综合运用人情感化、测谎技术以及适度出示证据等方式迅速突破。突破后还应积极寻求扩大战果,并以规范、清晰的笔录及时固定证据,同时严格执行"录审分离"、"录看分离"等政策,以应对嫌疑人翻供。面对嫌疑人的挑衅,侦查人员应冷静应对。     

中国—东盟海上航行安全法律合作的对策探讨

本文针对中国—东盟海上航行安全的法律合作,以《联合国海洋法公约》、《亚洲地区反海盗及武装劫船合作协定》为基础,阐述海盗罪的界定依据及管辖权机制的选择,根据公约与协定所存在的不足,为中国—东盟海上航行管辖权机制的建立与发展提供参考。中国—东盟海上航行安全的法律合作主要是依据洲际性法律合作机制,构建与完善地区性法律合作机制,全面拓展该机制的适用范围,通过联合护航、协助追捕海盗等方式,对东南亚海域的犯罪行为进行有力打击,确保中国—东盟的航运安全。     

Formal and informal control views in China,Japan, and the U.S.

Purpose

This study compared and contrasted the views of formal and informal crime control among college students from China, Japan, and the U.S., and examined the correlates behind the views.

Methods

Using the same questionnaire, this study collected data from 1,275 completed surveys in the three nations.

Results

The study revealed that both Chinese and Japanese respondents evaluated formal and informal control and their combination in crime control as more important than American counterparts did. The variable trust in police was a predictor of attitudes toward formal control and the mix of formal and informal control in all the three nations. Demographics in the U.S. were more important factors than in China and Japan in predicting the respondents' ranking of the importance of formal control and informal control and their combination in crime control.

Conclusions

This is the first empirically comparative study of the perceived importance of formal and informal mechanisms in crime prevention and control in China, Japan and the U.S. The study found both similarities and differences in the perceived importance and reasons behind them. More research is needed in the future.     

自主创新的模式识别、主要瓶颈问题及若干制度建设构想

企业自主创新瓶颈问题反映在体制层面上,表现为研发机构和研发人才的缺失,对社会资源的动用能力低,化解创新风险的能力差;反映在机制层面上,表现为企业的创新资源未形成合理配置,产学研结合不畅,运作失灵,各方利益分配不明;反映在法治环境层面上表现为法律支持不强。将较强的技术创新资源与企业自主创新能力结合起来,以研究院所的改制为契机,分类后相机长入企业,整合各种资源,改变企业结构,促进企业自主创新主体地位的建立和稳固。培育企业在"产学研"中的引领作用,"引"、"促"并举,重在融合,通过利益分配和合理安排,推动"产学研"的发展和壮大。加强对促进自主创新公共政策的宣传,适时提升其法律位阶,形成有利于自主创新的社会环境,在提高执法司法机构能力的同时,加强专业司法鉴定机构和仲裁机构的作用,形成有效的执法和司法体制与机制。     

柬埔寨：2012～2013年回顾与展望

本文对2012年柬埔寨政治、经济及外交形势进行回顾,对2013年柬埔寨经济及政治发展前景进行展望。     

生态和谐人--生态文明的必然追求

随着社会的飞速发展。人类生存与生态平衡的矛盾日益突出。而生态和谐是人类解决这一矛盾的必然选择和必然趋势。从个体来看。人是社会发展的实践主体,因此。生态和谐的发展目标对人的素质提出了更高的要求,而造就生态和谐人则是实现这一目标的核心内容和有效方式。但我国目前存在的贫富差距现象和粗放式的经济发展方式等都严重地阻碍着生态和谐理念的推广。所以,需要个人从价值理念与生活方式入手,从自身做起,共同建设生态文明,促进社会和谐。     

Social Ties, Collective Efficacy and Perceived Neighborhood Property Crime in Guangzhou, China

This study aims to (1) explore perceptions of property crime at the neighborhood level and their correlates based on a random sample from Guangzhou, China and (2) assess the applicability of collective efficacy theory in contemporary urban China. Since the data used in this study are multilevel and the dependent variable is dichotomous, a generalized hierarchical linear model was used for analysis of the data. This study reveals that both community structural variables (residential stability and poverty) and community process variables (social ties, collective efficacy and semi-formal control) were found to affect individuals’ perceptions of neighborhood property crime in Guangzhou. However, communities in Guangzhou are different from those in big cities in the US. This is evidenced by several findings in this study: (1) poorer communities in Guangzhou were not associated with lower levels of formal and informal control; (2) communities with higher levels of residential mobility were neither linked to higher levels of poverty nor disorganization; and (3) the correlation between residential stability and perceived neighborhood property crime was not mediated by community processes.     

法律的信仰与信仰的法律——伯尔曼的法律与宗教观及其对现代司法的影响

健全的社会必须兼具健全的法律秩序和健全的法律信仰。现代社会中法律与宗教的涵义应当在最广泛的意义上加以探讨。法律与宗教构成社会经验的两个向度,二者相互依存、彼此渗透。法律与宗教具有共同的要素,法律必须被信仰,否则形同虚设。确立法律信仰是实现司法公正的必由之路。     

民商事习惯法研究范围的再认识

在习惯法研究中,如果采用当代国家法中通用的法律体系作为区分部门法研究的标准,极可能导致既不能很好地把握我国习惯法固有的基本精神内核,又使得民商事习惯法的范围过于僵化,难以达成研究目的。立足于当下民商事习惯法特定的生存背景,结合民商事习惯法的“内在理路”,探求民商事习惯法的内在精神,从其固有的社会文化价值和实证的解决纠纷过程及效果出发,对民商事习惯法的范围进行再认识,是应取的科学态度。