A rapid method to detect dried saliva stains swabbed from human skin using fluorescence spectroscopy

Saliva on skin is important in forensic trace evidence. If areas where saliva is present can be outlined, this may lead to DNA analysis and identification. This study describes a rapid and non-destructive method to detect dried saliva on the surface of the skin by fluorescence spectroscopy. Eighty-two volunteers deposited samples of their own saliva on the skin of their ventral forearm. A control sample of water was deposited at three different sites on the contralateral arm. Saliva and water control were then allowed to air-dry. Swab samples were taken from dried saliva and control sites and were dissolved in 0.1M KCl solution. Emission spectra were obtained from the solution and were characterized by a principal maximum at 345-355nm with excitation at 282nm. The fluorescence emission intensity was greater than background readings obtained from the control swab site in 80 of 82 volunteers (approximately 97.6%). The fluorescence profile of saliva samples were similar to those obtained from aqueous samples of pure amylase and tryptophan, an endogenous fluorophore in alpha-amylase. The presence of an emission peak at 345-355nm with excitation at 282nm could provide a strong presumptive indication of saliva deposition.     

“Fortunate enough to obtain and keep the title of profession”: Self-regulating organizations and the enforcement of professional monopolies

Abstract: This paper establishes a framework for examining self-regulating occupations and their relationships with government, the public and other occupational groups. It then examines one aspect of this regulative bargain, the tools used by self-regulating organizations to enforce their statutory monopolies, in order to maintain jurisdictional boundaries. Evidence of these strategies was found through a review of the literature on the pros and cons of self-regulation, and legislation, regulations, and by-laws sent to the author by self-regulating occupations in Canada. The paper concludes with a discussion of trends in occupational self-regulation that may affect professional monopolies. Sommaire: Dans cet article, on établit un cadre permettant d'examiner les professions auto-r églement ées, ainsi que leurs relations avec le gouvernement, le public et les autres groupements professionnels. Ensuite, on y examine un aspect particulier de cette entente r églementaire, » est-à-dire les outils qu'utilisent ces organismes pour faire respecter leur monopole statutaire afin de pr éserver leurs frontières juridictionnelles. Les éléments de ces stratégies ont été identifiés au moyen d'un examen bibliographique des avantages et désavantages de l'auto-réglementation, ainsi que par une analyse des lois, des règlements et des statuts sociaux envoyés à l'auteur par les professions auto-réglementées au Canada. En conclusion, l'auteur discute des tendances de I'auto-réglementation professionnelle qui risquent d'influer sur les monopoles professionnels.     

NARCISSISTIC BORDERLINE COUPLES: IMPLICATIONS FOR MEDIATION*

Suddenly my head begins to spin. I feel dizzy and confused. My head keeps going round and round. In front of me sits a married couple; they go on and on in circles, going nowhere. A feeling of despair overwhelms me as I think to myself, This couple needs to be in therapy. I then realize I am the therapist.     

Workplace Bullying Policy in the Australian Public Sector: Why Has Gender Been Ignored?

This article examines the question of gender-neutral workplace bullying policy in the Australian context. It draws on the international workplace bullying literature and interview data gathered from policy actors located in Australian public service administrations, including managers, policy implementors and employee advocates. Our findings show that both the literature and the policy actors tend to present workplace bullying as a product of individualised behaviour, overlooking the nuances and dimensions of organisational power relations that include gender. As part of this tendency, policy actors insisted that workplace bullying be represented as gender-neutral. Our analysis reveals two key factors underpinning the defence and dissemination of workplace bullying as a gender-neutral problem: the tendency to individualistic remedies in public sector policies; and the idea among policy actors that if workplace bullying was portrayed as needing gender analysis, its current support as an important organisational issue would dissolve.