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81.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms have been linked to traumatic experiences, including intimate partner violence.
However, not all battered women develop PTSD symptoms. The current study tests attachment style as a moderator in the abuse–trauma
link among a community sample women in violent and non-violent relationships. Both attachment anxiety and dependency were
found to moderate the relation between intimate partner violence and PTSD symptoms. However, attachment closeness did not
function as a moderator. Differences in attachment may help to explain why certain victims of domestic abuse may be more susceptible
to experiencing PTSD symptoms. Clinically, these findings may aid in the prediction and prevention of PTSD symptoms in women
victimized by intimate partner abuse. 相似文献
82.
John M. Violanti Desta Fekedulegn Luenda E. Charles Michael E. Andrew Tara A. Hartley Anna Mnatsakanova Cecil M. Burchfiel 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2009,34(1-2):41-53
Police officers are considered at increased risk for suicide. The objective of this study was to explore potential influences on suicide ideation among 105 randomly selected men and women urban police officers. Depression, gender, and marital status appeared to be most strongly associated with police suicidal ideation. Depressive symptoms were higher among women than men officers (12.5 percent vs. 6.2 percent). For each standard deviation increase in depressive symptoms, the prevalence ratio (PR) of suicide ideation increased 73 percent in women (PR?=?1.73, 95% CI?=?1.32–2.27) and 67 percent in men (PR?=?1.67, 95% CI?=?1.21–2.30). The association between depression and ideation was stronger among unmarried women officers (PR?=?4.43; 95% CI?=?2.19 – 8.91) than married women officers (PR?=?1.39, 95% CI?=?1.09 – 1.79). While depression has previously been associated with suicide, such results are unusual in a healthy working population such as the police. 相似文献
83.
84.
Karen A. Joe 《Juvenile & family court journal》1995,46(3):43-55
Abstract Over the last decade, public concern about the risks associated with running away has risen, and conservative policy makers have advocated for a “rethinking” of the juvenile justice system's liberal reforms of the 1970s, especially the deinstitutionalization of status offenders (DSO). Yet questions over the impact of DSO remain unanswered. This study examines the emergence of and debates about DSO to understand the contemporary “status” of runaways. Official reports on runaways and interviews with police and youth workers suggest that most youth return home and that police efforts to locate and assist runaways are constrained by legal and practical forces. 相似文献
85.
Budgeting and Financial Management play a crucial role in organizing and disciplining the federal management culture. Consequently, addressing improvements in their practice is essential in the National Performance Review's examination of government-wide management systems. This article briefly describes the recommendations and anticipated implementing actions relating to budgeting and financial management within the context of the National Performance Review's themes of cutting red tape, putting customers first, empowering employees to get results, and cutting back to basics. External factors, such as innovations in private sector management practices, rapid changes in information technology, and statutory reforms such as the Government Performance and Results Act, also influence needed changes in budgetary and financial management practices. 相似文献
86.
Karen A. Joe 《Crime, Law and Social Change》1994,22(3):269-289
This paper is concerned with the cultural and gendered context of crystal methamphetamine use among Asian Pacific Americans, and draws on recent sociological discussions on masculinities and feminities. The data are based on an ethnographic study of moderate to heavy ice users, and compares the experiences of Asian Pacific American women and men in their initiation to use, their motivations to continue using, and the changing nature of their relationship to the drug and significant others. The paper concludes with a gender comparison of the violence associated with crystal methamphetamine use.The research for this paper was supported by a grant to theInstitute for Scientific Analysis from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01-DA06853) awarded to Patricia Morgan, Ph.D., entitled Ice and Other Methamphetamine Use: An Exploratory Study. The data collected for this paper was helped by the collaborative efforts of the study research staff: Jerome Beck, Douglas McDonnell and Rachel Gutierrez. The author also acknowledges the Social Science Research Institute at the University of Hawaii. The opinions and conclusions are those of the author. 相似文献
87.
88.
This study examines perceptions of personal distress, interpersonal functioning and family climate reported by men and women
involved in unidirectional versus bidirectional spouse abuse. Participants were 7253 offenders treated by the USAF Family
Advocacy Program from 1988 to 1996. Over a quarter of the sample is female and included among them were both unidirectional
and bidirectional offenders. Grouping factors for the analysis are gender, directionality of aggression, history of abuse
in childhood, history of recidivism, and severity of aggression. Females and offenders raised in abusive homes reported more
negative perceptions across the measured spheres. Unidirectional abusers reported more personal distress, but bidirectional
abuse had more conflicted family climates. Few differences were noted in offenders' perceptions based on the severity of their
abuse or their history of repeat offenses. Tests for interactions yielded no reliable pattern indicating that grouping factors
were related to outcomes in an additive fashion. 相似文献
89.
90.
The 1996 welfare-reform law has been characterized as a significantact of devolution. For some, this devolution will free statesto become "laboratories of democracy" that develop better welfarepolicies; for others, it will provoke a debilitating "race tothe bottom" where states will reduce benefits out of fear ofbecoming "welfare magnets" that attract recipients from otherstates. This article suggests that neither "laboratories ofdemocracy" nor "race to the bottom" does justice to the complexitiesof the 1996 reforms. In the case of the former, new federalmandates limit state action and states face informal pressuresto "keep up" with one another in developing new restrictionsso that they can avoid becoming "welfare magnets." In the caseof the latter, we find limited empirical support for the existenceof welfare migration that is supposed to be provoking a "raceto the bottom." We find that there is limited welfare migrationbecause the real value of welfare benefits to recipients doesnot vary nearly as much as common portrayals suggest. Giventhese realities, welfare reform may produce a procedural raceto the bottom that turns the myth of migration into a self-fulfillingprophesy. 相似文献