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241.
Conan Fischer 《Diplomacy & Statecraft》2005,16(3):499-514
Post-1918 Germany was gripped by severe foof shortages that devastated the health of urban children in particular. German politicans and officials became increasingly convinced that a state of near famine and the accompanying scourges of social and political disorder could not be adequately addressed given the demands placed on public finances and the wider economy by the reparations regime. While the British reacted by counselling a moderation of the reparations regime, the French accused Germany of instrumentalizing domestic crisis to undermine reparations and thereby compromise the Versailles Settlement. French sanctions culminated in an invasion of the Ruhr District in January 1923, which served to create a devastating famine in the region and to intensify popular antipathy in Germany to the reparations regime. The article concludes by considering briefly links between the perceived perfidy of reparations and the subsequent resonance of Nazi ideology and policy. 相似文献
242.
What is the relationship between political institutions and air pollution generated by the power sector? Here we focus on the association between democracy and power generated from coal, the most polluting of all fossil fuels. Using a new dataset on coal‐fired power plants commissioned between 1980 and 2016 in 71 countries, we find that the relationship between democracy and coal varies according to the environmental Kuznets curve logic. Democratic political institutions at lower levels of economic development are correlated with increased commissioning of coal power plants, as governments seek to appeal to an electorate prioritizing economic growth and affordable energy access. As a country becomes richer, democracy comes to have a negative association with coal power, as clean air becomes a more salient issue for the public. 相似文献
243.
Sectoral interests play an important role in distributive politics, but their influence is difficult to measure. We compare the effect of international oil prices on subsidies for domestic gasoline and diesel consumption. Because diesel is used by a smaller number of organized agricultural and transportation interests, they are more capable of collective action than the dispersed beneficiaries of gasoline subsidies. The conventional wisdom holds that sectoral interests could mobilize to stop reform (e.g., price increases, deregulation). Challenging this view, we consider the possibility that sectoral interests promote reform by facilitating the targeted allocation of compensation and exemptions. An empirical analysis of gasoline and diesel prices, 1991–2012, strongly supports the second hypothesis: diesel prices respond to international oil prices more strongly than do gasoline prices. Quantitative tests and case studies allow us to explore causal mechanisms, verify that the gasoline‐diesel difference is related to actual policy reforms, and reject alternative explanations. 相似文献
244.
Robert L. Fischer Francisca García‐Cobin Richter Elizabeth Anthony Nina Lalich Claudia Coulton 《Public administration review》2019,79(5):675-683
The challenge of complex social issues drives the need for data systems that can connect information across multiple service delivery systems. Integrated data systems provide significant value for needs assessment, program planning, policy decision making, and collective impact evaluation across a range of social issues. This case study describes a mature county‐based integrated data system. The case study has three aims: (1) to highlight the value of integrated data systems to research, (2) to outline common challenges that such initiatives face, and (3) to present several ongoing considerations for the field that could inform policy recommendations to facilitate the use of integrated data. The authors present examples from the experience of developing this integrated data system, including involvement in the design and evaluation of the first county‐level social impact bond. The case study highlights the benefits and limitations of integrated data use in research and the potential to advance evidence‐based social decision making. 相似文献
245.
LStA Hon.-Prof. Dr. Johannes Stabentheiner 《wohnrechtliche bl?tter: wobl》2012,25(3):91-110
Aus Anlass des im Vorjahr vielfach gefeierten 200. Geburtstags des ABGB zeichnet der Beitrag die Entwicklung des Mietrechts
nach, wobei – diesem Anlass entsprechend – das Bestandrecht des ABGB im Mittelpunkt steht. Die Rückschau konzentriert sich
auf die Entwicklungslinien im Gesetzesrecht und beschr?nkt sich daher – mangels eines Legislativgeschehens zum Mietrecht im
ersten Geltungsjahrhundert des ABGB – auf die vergangenen 100 Jahre. Die judikative Ausgestaltung der Gesetzeslage wird nur
in gro?en Zügen angesprochen; auch hier liegt der Fokus in der Rechtsprechung zum ABGB-Bestandrecht. Der Aufsatz ist die modifizierte
Fassung eines Beitrags des Autors zu der vonFischer-Czermak/Hopf/Kathrein/Schauer herausgegebenen Festschrift „200 Jahre ABGB“. 相似文献
246.
Johannes Rincke 《Public Choice》2006,129(1-2):189-200
Before making difficult decisions, individuals tend to collect information on decision makers in reference groups. With respect to policy innovations in a decentralized public sector, this may give rise to positive neighborhood influence on adoption decisions. In this paper, U.S. school district data are used to show that decision makers indeed are heavily affected by decision makers in reference groups. The policy innovation under consideration is inter-district public school choice. The results suggest that if a given district's neighbors' expected benefits from adopting school choice policies increase, this substantially increases the original district's probability of adoption. The paper thus supports the view that the diffusion of policy innovations is stimulated by horizontal interaction among local governments. 相似文献
247.
Robert L. Fischer 《Family Court Review》1999,37(2):240-256
An extensive body of research has demonstrated that children in families touched by separation and divorce face considerable turmoil in their young lives. This article describes the results of a pilot study of a group curriculum aimed at ameliorating the negative effects of divorce and family instability for children ages 9 to 12. Based on the ratings of parents, many children benefit noticeably from the program, especially those with less self-expression, low self-esteem, and more behavioral problems before the program. Teachers, however, often observed no difference in the classroom behavior. The limitations of the study are discussed and caution is recommended in interpreting the findings . 相似文献
248.
249.
250.
Johannes Alexeew Linda Bergset Kristin Meyer Juliane Petersen Lambert Schneider Charlotte Unger 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2010,10(3):233-248
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) allows industrialised countries to use credits from greenhouse gas abatement projects
in developing countries in order to fulfil their own emission reduction commitments. There has been mounting evidence that
the CDM’s ability to fulfil its goals as stipulated by the Kyoto Protocol—contributing to the sustainable development of the
host countries and delivering real, measurable and additional emission reductions—is less than satisfactory. In this article,
an evaluation is made of CDM projects’ likelihood of being additional by assessing the impact Certified Emission Reductions
have on the Internal Rate of Return of the individual projects. In addition, the projects’ sustainable development benefits
are assessed by using a multi-criteria analysis. In a final step, the relationship between the projects’ additionality and
sustainability contribution is assessed and a trade-off between these two CDM goals is established, revealing a potential
inherent conflict in how the current mechanism works. The analysis is based on a systematic evaluation of 40 registered CDM
projects in India. 相似文献