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941.
Competition in public administration is often advocated as a solution to bureaucrats’ corruption. However, there are no well
developed analyses of how competition could succeed and the issue of its detailed design has not been carefully addressed
so far. In this paper, we put forward a series of models that help understand what competition in public administration can
actually accomplish. We distinguish two different shapes that corruption may take: bribery and extortion, and we demonstrate,
under the usual assumption of asymmetric information as to the honesty of the bureaucrats, that while competition is effective
in fighting extortion it exacerbates bribery. Given that corruption normally manifests itself simultaneously under the two
different shapes, an anti-corruption policy based upon competition is bound to face a serious trade-off: trying to curb one
of them through competition implies making the other worse. This result holds, with some differences, under exogenous and
endogenous bureaucrats’ “honesty”. The dual aspect of corruption is probably one of the most serious—and so far largely neglected—obstacles
to any effective anti-corruption policy. 相似文献
942.
Trusts set up by will, will trusts, are governed by similarconsiderations to those affecting inter vivos trusts. Frequentlyin trust textbooks the authors do not tell us that will trustshave some significant difference from inter vivos trusts. Thelatter may be set up quite informally by a mere declarationof intention and the transfer of the trust property to the trustees.But will trusts can only come about if the law relating to makinga valid will has been complied with. This tends to get overlookedunder the shadow of possible inheritance tax 相似文献
943.
This article explores the potential evisceration of the deterrence function of punitive damages, one of the only economic incentives that deters insurance companies from opportunistically breaching their insurance policies. Readers will gain an understanding of why large punitive damages awards are essential in the insurance coverage field and how such awards may implicate due process standards. The article explains the constitutional limitations set forth by the U.S. Supreme Court in imposing punitive damages, and provides a roadmap of how lower courts and practitioners are presently applying these rules. 相似文献
944.
This is the latest in the series of book based upon James Kessler'swell-known book on the simplification of trust drafting. Theco-author of this publication is Paul Matthams, Advocate ofthe Royal Court of 相似文献
945.
Peter Rackow 《Criminal Law Forum》2007,18(1):175-183
946.
James C. Spilsbury Lara Belliston Dennis Drotar Allyson Drinkard Jeff Kretschmar Rosemary Creeden Daniel J. Flannery Steve Friedman 《Journal of family violence》2007,22(6):487-499
This study assessed the associations of characteristics of domestic violence incidents with clinically significant levels
of traumatic symptoms and behavioral problems in a socio-economically and ethnically mixed sample of 687 children participating
in a community-service program for children witnessing violence. Study predictors included child/family demographic characteristics,
type and chronicity of exposure, and child’s perceptions of control over the event and threat to personal safety. Outcomes
consisted of traumatic symptoms and behavior problems. Results showed that perceived threat and control were associated with
greater odds of clinically significant levels of several trauma symptoms (and behavior problems in the case of perceived threat)
after adjusting for effects of demographic factors and violence characteristics. Child co-victimization increased odds of
reaching clinically significant levels of traumatic symptoms compared to children who witnessed the event but were not victimized.
Female sex and White ethnicity increased odds of specific trauma symptoms and behavior problems. Increasing age reduced odds
of some trauma symptoms. Associations between predictors and one outcome measure did not generalize across the other outcome
measure. Implications of study findings, and directions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
947.
948.
Martin Guevara Urbina 《Critical Criminology》2007,15(1):41-99
With few exceptions, prior explanations of racially disparate punishment have followed a dichotomous approach (i.e., African
American versus Caucasian), due in part to the limitations of existing data. Researchers have either excluded Latino/a, defendants
or treated them as a monolithic group. Consequently, there is not much on Latinos/as, whose experiences with the criminal
and juvenile justice systems differ from those of African American and Caucasian. This article expands on current literature
by providing a thorough overview of existing literature on Latino/as. It critiques this body of literature and lists ten common
methodological flaws that may contribute to findings of equal treatment. Finally, it provides a concise summary of the main
subgroups within the umbrella term ‘Latino/a’ to highlight the heterogeneity within this classification. 相似文献
949.
950.
It really is necessary that people, resident and taxable inEngland, should die earlier. Long life is an anti-social activity.It denies the government taxation to which it feels it is trulydue. Early deaths, particularly amongst the wealthy, are necessary:it is the patriotic duty of those with wealth to shuffle offtheir mortal coil as soon as possible and to allow the governmentas much inheritance tax as possible. Ghoulish though this mayseem, it is clearly a view of the current British Government. Why do we say this? The Paymaster General, in explaining thenew rules for inheritance tax treatment of settlements, justifiedher policy in the term Because trusts do not die, 相似文献