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971.
972.
Chang?Woon?NamEmail author Doina?Maria?Radulescu 《Economic Change and Restructuring》2004,37(2):99-123
Not only a large number of developing countries but also transition economies have established free economic zones (FEZs) with the aim of attracting foreign capital by providing tax incentives, creating employment opportunities, and promoting exports and regional development. Tax investment promotion schemes include profit tax exemption, free or accelerated depreciation, investment tax allowance, subsidy for investment costs, etc., the effects of which on firms’ investment decisions can be compared based on the net present value model. This study suggests that even a low corporate tax rate combined with generous depreciation rules does not provide incentives for investors when the inflation rate is high. A case study on Najin–Sonbong FEZ in North Korea delivers a wide range of more crucial economic and political reasons why such a development project can fail, although tax concessions offered there are more favourable than those in China and other Asian nations. 相似文献
973.
974.
McIntyre IM Hamm CE Sherrard JL Gary RD Riley AC Lucas JR 《Journal of forensic sciences》2003,48(3):680-682
Toxicological investigations were performed on an intracerebral hematoma, antemortem blood, and postmortem blood of an individual who was found unresponsive in his home. The hematoma was found to have ethanol at a concentration of 0.05% (w/v), and benzoylecgonine (a cocaine metabolite) was also confirmed at a concentration of 0.43 mg/L by specific analysis using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). These results enabled the pathologist to record the cause of death as intracerebral hemorrhage due to acute cocaine intoxication. 相似文献
975.
Video films have established themselves as the dominant formof Nigerian popular culture, with more than 1,000 titles beingreleased every year. They arose during politically tumultuoustimes but have had a reputation for being studiously commercialand avoiding political subjects. This essay attempts to revisethis conventional wisdom by exploring three video genres thatembody forms of political critique: the hardy genre of filmsabout traditional rulership; the crime thriller, with severalvariants; and family melodrama, which tends to infiltrate allother genres. It then surveys some films with directly politicalsubjects made since the end of military rule in 1999. 相似文献
976.
The characteristics of age discrimination as provided for inthe Employment Equality (Age) Discrimination Regulations setit apart from existing anti-discrimination schemes. The ambitof the Regulations is limited to the employment field. Withinthis area, the legislation does not simply seek to identifya characteristic of a specific minority group and then removethat factor from the decision-making process. Instead, workingfrom a quality common to all (age), the Regulations seek onlyto prevent reliance on it for purposes that are illegitimateor if the consequences of doing so are disproportionate.This is necessary: first because the Regulations do not seekmerely to protect discrete age groups, and in practice the interestsof persons of different age may well be in conflict; secondlybecause many decision-making criteria that appear objectiveare in substance, age-related. In order to sort baddiscrimination from good discrimination a notionof substantive equality must exist. The Regulations themselvesgive little indication of what equality should mean. There isno existing consensus from which the answer can be drawn, andthe rationales that have underpinned previous anti-discriminationlegislation are not easily transposed to age discrimination.The practical application of the justification defence containedin Regulation 3 will shape the substantive meaning of equalityin this area. This article seeks to identify what the properapproach should be to the provisions of Regulation 3, and suggeststhat this should be derived from considerations of transparentdecision-making, and the need to respect the dignity of theindividual. 相似文献
977.
Two experiments investigated mock jurors' perceptions of elder abuse (EA) in a physical assault case. In Experiment 1, participants
read a fictional criminal trial summary of a physical assault case in which the alleged victim was 66, 76, or 86 years old.
In Experiment 2, the age of the alleged victim was 76 years old, but the gender of the alleged victim and the gender of the
defendant were crossed. The results of the experiments showed that women believed the alleged victim more and rendered a guilty
verdict more often than men. Overall, the alleged victim was believed more than the defendant regardless of the age of the
alleged victim, and most verdicts were guilty. These results are discussed in terms of the factors that affect perceptions
of alleged victims of EA in court. 相似文献
978.
Orchestra of Treaties: A Future Climate Regime Scenario with Multiple Treaties among Like-minded Countries 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Taishi?SugiyamaEmail author Jonathan?Sinton 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2005,5(1):65-88
The Orchestra of Treaties scenario emerges if countries share the following principles for re-building the climate regime (1) recognize the sovereignty concerns attending energy policies; (2) build upon national interests in technology and development; (3) avoid conflicts and enhance cooperation by appropriately framing core issues; and (4) address not only short-term emission cuts but also long-term technological change.In this scenario, countries will share these principles by drawing on the hard lessons of past UNFCCC negotiations. The framing of the climate change problem as the allocation of emission quota created an adversarial style of negotiation that resulted in distrust among countries. Moreover, the negotiations have been characterized by unpredictable outcomes. Since energy policies were deemed as sovereignty concerns, countries did not want to put such issues on the agenda to avoid a potentially intrusive outcome. This negotiation style brought about shortcomings of the Kyoto Protocol and may lead to a stalemate in future negotiations.The scenario captures the dynamics that emerge when multiple efforts are pursued by flexible coordination of actors motivated through diverse incentives. The emerging regime, the Orchestra of Treaties, will consist of four building blocks, of which three grow outside of UNFCCC.
相似文献
(1) | Group of Emission Markets (GEM) begins with separate domestic markets without internationally imposed emission targets. The markets are then gradually coordinated through price signals. The advantage of this pathway is that it fosters the establishment of emission markets without conflicting with sovereignty concerns for energy policy, thereby enabling key large emitters to establish emission markets. | ||||
(2) | Zero Emission Technology Treaty (ZETT) that addresses long-term technological change. This will set zero CO2 emission from the energy sector as the long-term goal, thereby creating strong signals to stakeholders. It will begin as a non-binding pledge and review system so that it does not conflict with sovereignty concerns. | ||||
(3) | Climate-wise Development Treaty (CDT) that addresses the concerns of developing countries, which are development, adaptation, technological transfer and mitigation. In this treaty, developed countries agree to revise their assistance policies to make development more sustainable and climate-wise. | ||||
(4) |
UNFCCC will serve as an information exchange arena, target funding mechanism and a political focal point.
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979.
980.
Paul M. Sniderman Richard A. Brody Jonathan W. Siegel Percy H. Tannenbaum 《Political Behavior》1982,4(2):115-131
This study identifies two forms of evaluative bias toward political objects — positivity and negativity — in addition to the familiar one of partisanship. Bias is measured, predominantly, using open-ended responses to questions on political parties in the NES studies. The incidence of varieties of evaluative orientation toward the parties over time, beginning in 1952, is reported; so also are demographic and cognitive correlates of evaluative bias. Finally, hypotheses on differential assimilation and contrast effects in candidate perception are tested. 相似文献