The Influence of Personal Values on Legal Judgments

The non‐legal factors that influence judicial decisions have been the subject of extensive debate. Theoretical and empirical work has focused on factors including political ideology, activism, attitudes, and demographics. Personal values are related to these factors and are central to decision making. The study described in this article translated theories and techniques from psychological research to examine the role of personal values in judicial decision making. A novel method of assessment of value expression in legal opinions revealed a different pattern of values expressed in the majority and minority opinions of a case that divided the Supreme Court. An empirical study of legal academics extended this analysis and highlighted the significant influence of personal values on legal decisions. The value:decision paradigm provides a new framework to analyse judicial decision making, judicial division, and judicial discretion and has significant implications for judicial diversity.     

重塑董事范畴:从形式主义迈向实质主义

我国公司法对董事范畴的界定奉行形式主义,仅承认经过选任所产生的形式董事.该种形式主义的董事界定路径存在明显短板:无法涵盖存在选任瑕疵的董事、失格董事、逾期董事乃至于非为董事但为董事行为者,支配或影响公司行为的幕后主体更是在董事责任的射程之外.在我国公司股权集中的公司治理实践中,形式董事易于受到控股股东或实际控制人的不当影响而失却其固有价值,进而沦为公司治理中的花瓶.相较于形式主义的董事范畴,实质主义的董事范畴能够全面覆盖各类董事的外延类型,锚定我国公司治理中控股股东或实际控制人的不当影响及其责任边界,避免强化控股股东义务对公司组织体产生的过度干涉,夯实董事在公司治理中的核心地位.我国公司法修改应当着力于建构包括事实董事和影子董事在内的实质董事范畴,共同与形式董事构成完整的董事类型体系.对事实董事的界定应当建立在我国董事职权的本土规范基础之上,排除非属于履行董事职权的行为.对影子董事的认定应当重在认定行为人操纵公司董事的行为,并放弃对公司董事会的控制要件.符合前述构成条件的实质董事,与形式董事负担同等法律责任,以厘清股东与公司的行为边界,淳化公司治理体系.     

“不依法给付行为＂之判决适用研究——基于《行政诉讼法》第11条第1款第6项的展开

我国《行政诉讼法》第11条第l款第6项是行政给付进入诉讼救济的规范基础，但是因其就给付形态的规定过于模糊，导致当事人救济中获得的判决形式不明。将“不依法给付行为”作动态解释，它可以分为“消极不依法之不给付、少给付行为”、“积极不依法之不给付、少给付行为”以及“不依法之完全给付行为”，相应地分别对应履行判决、撤销判决和确认判决。     

Portable high‐resolution automated 3D imaging for footwear and tire impression capture

The forensic science community raised the need for improved evidence recognition, collection, and visualization analytical instrumentation for field and laboratory use. While the 3D optical techniques for imaging static objects have been extensively studied, there is still a major gap between current knowledge and collecting high‐quality footwear and tire impression evidence. Among optical means for 3D imaging, digital fringe projection (DFP) techniques reconstruct 3D shape from phase information, achieving camera‐pixel spatial resolution. This paper presents a high‐resolution 3D imaging technology using DFP techniques dedicated to footwear and tire impression capture. We developed fully automated software algorithms and a graphical user interface (GUI) that allow anyone without training to operate for high‐quality 3D data capture. We performed accuracy evaluations and comparisons comparing with the commercial high‐end 3D scanner and carried out qualitative tests for various impressions comparing with the current practices. Overall, our technology achieves similar levels of accuracy and resolution with a high‐end commercially available 3D scanner, while having the merits of being (1) more affordable; (2) much easier to operate; and (3) more robust. Compared with the current practice of casting, our technology demonstrates its superiority because it (1) is non‐destructive; (2) collects more evidence detail than casts, especially when an impression is fragile; (3) requires less time and money to collect each piece of evidence; and (4) results in a digital file that can easily be shared with other examiners.     

哈贝马斯交往行动理论视域下的商议式司法

哈贝马斯的交往行动理论意蕴深邃,它将法律看作动态、开放、互动的行动系统。交往行动的学理资源是语用学;存在方式是商谈;生长土壤是"理想话语情境"。交往行动理论视域下的商议式司法提倡各方当事人以及其他社会民众在有关具体案件的事实认定和法律适用方面采取真诚互动、沟通协商的方式,从而达成理解与共识。商议式司法具有对话性、程序性、伦理性,其价值在于增强裁判结果的可接受性;克服机械司法的缺陷;促进司法民主;遏制司法腐败。     

Estimating Individual Contributions to Complex DNA SNP Mixtures.,

High‐throughput sequencing (HTS) of large panels of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) provides an alternative or complimentary approach to short tandem repeats (STRs) panels for the analysis of complex DNA mixture forensic samples. For STRs, methods to estimate individual contribution concentrations compare capillary electrophoresis peak heights, peak areas, or HTS allele read counts within a mixture. This article introduces three approaches (mean, median, and slope methods) for estimating individual DNA contributions to forensic mixtures for HTS/massively parallel sequencing (MPS) SNP panels. For SNPs, the major:minor allele ratios or counts, unique to each contributor, were compared to estimate contributor proportion within the mixture using the mean, median, and slope intercept for these alleles. The estimates for these three methods were typically within 5% of planned experimental contributions for defined mixtures.     

超相人格分析——大学生心理障碍深层心理根源

长期的心理咨询与治疗过程中,我们发现大学生心理障碍的产生总有各种原因,有现实环境的原因,也有个体本身的原因,对个体来说,其深层心理原因是导致心理障碍的核心根源。而深层心理原因中,大学生的"超相"人格则是重要的原因。这里的"超相"概念为作者首次提出,是根据大学生所反映出来的普遍深层心理问题结合国内外深层心理学思想总结出来的。