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801.
Juliann Emmons Allison 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2005,5(4):405-414
Deregulation and the combined threats of energy crises and global warming concern nations around the world, yet these issues
continue to be addressed more directly by domestic regulatory systems than by international institutions. The present analyses
of the integration of distributed sources of power generation (DG) into California’s electric utility system suggests that
domestic environmental dilemmas with international repercussions provide an obvious entrée for global environmental policy
specialists into the practice of environmental policy-making and law. Here I review current scholarship on policy networks
that illuminates the contributions that technical and policy experts can make to such networks surrounding environmental issues.
I then introduce the key members of California’s “clean DG” policy network that emphasizes the role of academic experts in
this influential political system, and discuss how my own research has impacted the development of the state’s DG policy.
I conclude that scholars are well positioned to observe and engage domestic and international environmental policy networks,
and thereby also to influence environmental politics and law. 相似文献
802.
Megan H. Bair-Merritt William C. Holmes John H. Holmes Jamie Feinstein Chris Feudtner 《Journal of family violence》2008,23(5):325-332
We sought to determine whether intimate partner violence (IPV) risk factors differed depending upon the presence of children
in the home, and to estimate the annual prevalence of IPV first in the general population and then in homes with and without
children. We analyzed data from a cross-sectional random sample of 6,836 women in southeastern Pennsylvania interviewed by
telephone in 2004. The magnitude of association between IPV and risk factors varied between homes with and without children
for women’s alcohol problems (with children, odds ratio (OR) 7.7; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.9, 20.9; without children,
OR 2.4; 95% CI 0.9, 6.0), and mental health problems (with children, OR 4.0; 95% CI 1.8, 8.9; without children, OR 3.0; 95%
CI 1.6, 5.7). Poverty was significantly associated with IPV only in homes without children (OR 3.6; 95% CI 1.9, 7.2). Annual
IPV prevalence was 1.2% overall, 1.4% in homes with children, and 1.1% in homes without children. One in 63 children lived
in a home with IPV. Differences in IPV risk factors in homes with and without children suggest distinct underlying IPV mechanisms
or consequences in these contexts. 相似文献
803.
Emily DeCoster-Martin William U. Weiss Robert D. Davis Cary D. Rostow 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2004,19(2):64-71
As a general rule, pathologies tend to impair job performance. In a study involving performance criteria and the Personality
Assessment Inventory in a sample of Louisiana police officers (N=800), OCD characteristics correlated significantly in a negative
direction with several performance criteria, such as involvement in an on-duty or off-duty at fault moving violation, number
of on-duty or off-duty at fault moving violations, any citizen complaints regarding unprofessional conduct, number of unprofessional
conduct, and accusation in any way of racially offensive conduct, behavior, verbalization, or complaints. It has been found
that the traits of obsessive-compulsive disorder, in moderation, may actually improve performance in police officers. This
agrees with the Yerkes-Dodson law, which states that peak performance occurs when a person experiences mild to moderate levels
of stress.
Authors' Note: Emily DeCoster-Martin was an undergraduate psychology major at The University of Evansville at the time this paper was written.
William U. Weiss, Ph.D., is a professor in the Department of Psychology, The University of Evansville, 1800 Lincoln Av., Evansville,
IN 47722. Robert D. Davis, Ph.D., is executive vice-president and director of science, research, and development for Matrix,
Inc., Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Cary Rostow, Ph.D. is president of Matrix, Inc. 相似文献
804.
805.
The present 4-year follow-up study involves 56 mothers who were evaluated by social agencies as being abusive and neglectful or at high risk for child abuse and neglect. The aim of the study is to analyze the relationship between psychosocial risk factors (relating to the history and current situation of the mothers) that were present at the time the families were initially recruited and the fact that some of the mothers continue to show a high potential for child abuse and neglect (chronic abuse and neglect), whereas others were able to overcome the problem (transitory abuse and neglect). Results indicate that the following variables are particularly associated with situations involving chronic problems of abuse and neglect: initial level of severity of potential for abuse and neglect; dual-parent status; a large number of children at the time of intervention (3.13 times more risk of chronicity for large families); the fact that as a child the mother herself had been placed in a foster home (3.7 times more risk); that she had been sexually abused (3.5 times more risk); and that as an adolescent she had run away from home (3.02 times more risk). Our results indicate that mothers who have a combination of more than eight risk factors are four times more likely to be in the chronic group. 相似文献
806.
Sue-Ellen Kjeldal 《Critical Criminology》2004,12(3):265-284
Human judgment and decision making has been demonstrated by several contemporary researchers to be comprised of both rational and emotive/intuitive cognitive systems; a single decision can involve both rational thinking and intuition. In the present article, a narrative approach is utilized to analyze the Susan Smith case, and this is interlaced with contemporary decision theory in an attempt to more fully understand the seemingly nonrational act (murder/attempted suicide) committed by Susan Smith in October, 1994. The ethical, legal and social implications of using an approach of this nature are discussed. 相似文献
807.
Yougen Li 《Frontiers of Law in China》2010,5(1):27-55
Chinese trademark law has established the cross-category protection system of well-known trademarks based on the confusion
theory. The system, however, has many problems in practice and does not fulfill completely the needs for protecting well-known
trademarks. Consequently, when hearing trademark cases, some judges have abandoned the confusion theory instead of using the
dilution theory in judging well-known trademarks. Through analysis on 100 judgments concerning well-known trademark cases,
it can be seen that the influence of the dilution theory on the ruling of trademark cases is increasing. Certain conditions
should first be satisfied when introducing the dilution theory to rule trademark cases: Firstly, the contents of the dilution
theory shall be grasped as correctly as possible to avoid plausible understanding; secondly, the application of the dilution
theory shall adopt the existing institutional criteria as much as possible by full use of the leeway of interpretation provided
by the existing system. 相似文献
808.
809.
810.
Robert Ash 《Asia Europe Journal》2003,1(2):281-289
China's continental physical expanse has been a dominant, shaping influence of its political, social and economic development
throughout its modern history. Thanks to its relative ethnic homogeneity, as well as the absence of political reform, it has
– unlike the former Soviet Union – preserved its unity as a state. Nevertheless, regionalism remains a powerful counterpoint
to centralisation in China. In particular, under the impact of post-1978 economic reforms, differentials and tensions between
provinces and regions have emerged as a potent force, threatening the authority and power of Beijing.
This article begins by seeking to explore some of the regional forms in which economic change has manifested itself during
the last two decades. It highlights the unique problems faced by an economy that is still in transition in a country as large
as China. Brief consideration is also given to the wider regional context in which China is sometimes placed as the central
player – namely, that of `Greater China'.
At the heart of the article is a case study that examines the evolution of a particular kind of regionalism, captured in the
economic integration – even symbiosis - between Hong Kong and Guangdong. The question is addressed whether the form of regionalism
contained within the forging of an ever-closer economic relationship between these two areas of South China can be a model
for the integration of other regions both within and across China's national boundaries.
Hong Kong's transformation from a tiny, dependent, colonial enclave into one of the most successful economies in the world
is one of the most remarkable stories of post-World War II economic history. During the 1960s and 1970s, Hong Kong's growth
record was unmatched anywhere else in the world. But by the beginning of the 1980s, high land rents and spiralling wages started
to erode the international competitiveness that had been the basis of Hong Kong's previous economic success. By a happy coincidence,
however, the emergence of such pressures coincided with the opening of China to the outside world. China's `open door' policy
thereby made available to Hong Kong entrepreneurs a huge, hitherto untapped reservoir of cheap labour and gave them access
to inexpensive factory sites just across the border in Guangdong. It was a lifeline to which they responded eagerly and, through
the relocation of their factories, provided the means whereby Hong Kong manufacturers discovered a new lease of life.
The benefits associated with this process accrued not only to Hong Kong through the regeneration of its manufacturing industry.
Rather, it was a two-way process that also facilitated economic growth, structural transformation and improvements in living
standards in Guangdong (above all, in the Pearl River Delta). In short, the process became the basis of deepening integration
between the economies of the two regions. Indeed, it was the key element in the emergence of a new regional economic grouping,
known as `Greater China' – an informal triangular partnership between Hong Kong, Taiwan and two southern Chinese provinces
(Guangdong and Fujian).
The emergence of `Greater China' can be regarded as a particular manifestation of the coastal bias that has so strongly characterised
China's economic trajectory under reform. To this day, the triangular economic nexus between Hong Kong, Taiwan and South China
remains an important dimension of China's external economic relations, even if developments in other coastal provinces have
caused it to weaken. To what extent recent and future developments have challenged and will continue to challenge the regionalism
inherent in the original notion of Greater China is something that deserves close attention. Not least, the strategic initiative
of opening up China's western regions poses interesting and important questions that touch on future developments of `trans-nationalism'
and `trans-regionalism' affecting China. 相似文献