全文获取类型
收费全文 | 848篇 |
免费 | 57篇 |
专业分类
各国政治 | 66篇 |
工人农民 | 37篇 |
世界政治 | 97篇 |
外交国际关系 | 45篇 |
法律 | 462篇 |
中国政治 | 7篇 |
政治理论 | 186篇 |
综合类 | 5篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 17篇 |
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 15篇 |
2020年 | 28篇 |
2019年 | 31篇 |
2018年 | 28篇 |
2017年 | 42篇 |
2016年 | 48篇 |
2015年 | 32篇 |
2014年 | 40篇 |
2013年 | 162篇 |
2012年 | 53篇 |
2011年 | 39篇 |
2010年 | 25篇 |
2009年 | 24篇 |
2008年 | 39篇 |
2007年 | 41篇 |
2006年 | 30篇 |
2005年 | 31篇 |
2004年 | 27篇 |
2003年 | 27篇 |
2002年 | 18篇 |
2001年 | 13篇 |
2000年 | 18篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
1965年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有905条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
111.
Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes José R. Bucheli 《Journal of policy analysis and management》2023,42(3):815-844
For the first time in U.S. history, after decades of unprecedented growth in interior immigration enforcement disproportionately impacting Latinos, ten percent of the U.S. House of Representatives is Hispanic. Using congressional district-level data on all candidates participating in general elections to the U.S. House of Representatives between 2008 and 2018, we show that intensified immigration enforcement suppressed Hispanics’ representation in congressional elections. The effect—nonexistent for other minorities, such as non-Hispanic Black candidates, as well as in primary elections—is driven by local police-based measures and diminished electoral support. Furthermore, it appears more harmful during midterm elections and in localities without a sanctuary policy. 相似文献
112.
Ludovico Carrino Vahé Nafilyan Mauricio Avendano 《Journal of policy analysis and management》2023,42(2):424-455
This paper provides novel evidence on how a sharp increase in labor force participation among older women affects the provision of informal care to their older parents. Based on data from Understanding Society – The UK Household Longitudinal Study, we use an instrumental variable approach that exploits a unique reform that increased the female State Pension age by up to six years. Our results provide evidence of a trade-off between the intensive margin of work and informal care provided outside the household: an increase of 10 hours of work per week reduces the provision of informal care by 2.1 hours a week, which amounts to roughly £2,100 of yearly care-hours lost. This reduction in caregiving is largest among women working in physically or psychosocially demanding jobs, and “sandwich generation” women who have both a living grandchild and a parent alive. Using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, we show that older parents whose daughters became ineligible to claim their pensions experienced a significant reduction in the amount of care they receive from their daughters, which was not compensated by an increase in formal care or other sources of support. Our results suggest that policies that increase older workers’ labor supply require changes in long-term care policy that compensate for the loss of informal care. 相似文献
113.
Josep De Alcaraz‐Fossoul Ph.D. Carme Barrot Feixat Ph.D. Sara C. Zapico Ph.D. Luke McGarr B.Sc. Clara Carreras‐Marin M.Sc. Jack Tasker B.Sc. Manel Gené Badia Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2019,64(4):1057-1066
This fourth article of the series is taking an in‐depth analysis at the visible aging of latent fingermarks regarding changes in ridge widths over time. The objective is to quantify and statistically describe significant ridge size variations under controlled indoor conditions. The effect of three environmental variables are examined: type of secretion (sebaceous‐ and eccrine‐rich) and type of substrate (glass and polystyrene) when aged in three light conditions (direct natural light, shade, and dark). Prior to width measurements, fresh and aged fingermarks were powdered with titanium dioxide (TiO2) and sequentially photographed at predetermined times over 6 months. Three independent observers measured the ridges from thirty predetermined locations using strategically placed intersecting lines on the print. Results indicate that fingermarks deposited on glass are more resilient to degradation compared with those deposited on plastic. The presence of direct natural light plays a negligible role on degradation compared to secretion and substrate types. 相似文献
114.
Analyzing and Interpreting Lime Burials from the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939): A Case Study from La Carcavilla Cemetery
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of forensic sciences》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Eline M. J. Schotsmans Ph.D. Almudena García‐Rubio M.Sc. Howell G. M. Edwards Ph.D. Tasnim Munshi Ph.D. Andrew S. Wilson Ph.D. Luis Ríos Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2017,62(2):498-510
Over 500 victims of the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) were buried in the cemetery of La Carcavilla (Palencia, Spain). White material, observed in several burials, was analyzed with Raman spectroscopy and powder XRD, and confirmed to be lime. Archaeological findings at La Carcavilla's cemetery show that the application of lime was used in an organized way, mostly associated with coffinless interments of victims of Francoist repression. In burials with a lime cast, observations made it possible to draw conclusions regarding the presence of soft tissue at the moment of deposition, the sequence of events, and the presence of clothing and other evidence. This study illustrates the importance of analyzing a burial within the depositional environment and taphonomic context. 相似文献
115.
The Use of Laser Microdissection in Forensic Sexual Assault Casework: Pros and Cons Compared to Standard Methods
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of forensic sciences》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Sergio Costa M.Sc. Paulo Correia‐de‐Sá M.D. Ph.D. Maria J. Porto Ph.D. Laura Cainé Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2017,62(4):998-1006
Sexual assault samples are among the most frequently analyzed in a forensic laboratory. These account for almost half of all samples processed routinely, and a large portion of these cases remain unsolved. These samples often pose problems to traditional analytic methods of identification because they consist most frequently of cell mixtures from at least two contributors: the victim (usually female) and the perpetrator (usually male). In this study, we propose the use of current preliminary testing for sperm detection in order to determine the chances of success when faced with samples which can be good candidates to undergo analysis with the laser microdissection technology. Also, we used laser microdissection technology to capture fluorescently stained cells of interest differentiated by gender. Collected materials were then used for DNA genotyping with commercially available amplification kits such as Minifiler, Identifiler Plus, NGM, and Y‐Filer. Both the methodology and the quality of the results were evaluated to assess the pros and cons of laser microdissection compared with standard methods. Overall, the combination of fluorescent staining combined with the Minifiler amplification kit provided the best results for autosomal markers, whereas the Y‐Filer kit returned the expected results regardless of the used method. 相似文献
116.
Using Cluster Analysis and ICP‐MS to Identify Groups of Ecstasy Tablets in Sao Paulo State,Brazil
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of forensic sciences》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Camila Maione M.Sc. Vanessa Cristina de Oliveira Souza M.Sc. Loraine Rezende Togni M.Sc. José Luiz da Costa Ph.D. Andres Dobal Campiglia Ph.D. Fernando Barbosa Ph.D. Jr. Rommel Melgaço Barbosa Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2017,62(6):1479-1486
The variations found in the elemental composition in ecstasy samples result in spectral profiles with useful information for data analysis, and cluster analysis of these profiles can help uncover different categories of the drug. We provide a cluster analysis of ecstasy tablets based on their elemental composition. Twenty‐five elements were determined by ICP‐MS in tablets apprehended by Sao Paulo's State Police, Brazil. We employ the K‐means clustering algorithm along with C4.5 decision tree to help us interpret the clustering results. We found a better number of two clusters within the data, which can refer to the approximated number of sources of the drug which supply the cities of seizures. The C4.5 model was capable of differentiating the ecstasy samples from the two clusters with high prediction accuracy using the leave‐one‐out cross‐validation. The model used only Nd, Ni, and Pb concentration values in the classification of the samples. 相似文献
117.
118.
Aerobic sport performance may be strongly influenced by the number of red blood cells available for transport and delivery of oxygen from lungs to muscles. Often, athletes search for an acute increase in red blood cells by means of blood transfusions. This paper reviews the possibilities for detecting such prohibited practice. Flow cytometry methods are able to detect a double population of red blood cell membrane surface antigens, thus revealing an allogeneic transfusion. Other ingenious approaches for total hemoglobin mass measurements or to test for the metabolites of blood bag plasticizers in urine are new trends for facing the detection of autologous transfusions. Steady increase of red blood cell number may be obtained also by erythropoietic stimulant agents such as erythropoietin, analogs and mimetics. The challenge of detecting those substances has stimulated the development of indirect markers of altered erythropoiesis, leading to the consequent development of the hematological blood passport approach, which is gaining legal acceptance. 相似文献
119.
L'Abbé EN Van Rooyen C Nawrocki SP Becker PJ 《Forensic science international》2011,209(1-3):195.e1-195.e7
Establishing ancestry from a skeleton for forensic purposes has been shown to be difficult. The purpose of this paper is to address the application of thirteen non-metric traits to estimate ancestry in three South African groups, namely White, Black and "Coloured". In doing so, the frequency distribution of thirteen non-metric traits among South Africans are presented; the relationship of these non-metric traits with ancestry, sex, age at death are evaluated; and Kappa statistics are utilized to assess the inter and intra-rater reliability. Crania of 520 known individuals were obtained from four skeletal samples in South Africa: the Pretoria Bone Collection, the Raymond A. Dart Collection, the Kirsten Collection and the Student Bone Collection from the University of the Free State. Average age at death was 51, with an age range between 18 and 90. Thirteen commonly used non-metric traits from the face and jaw were scored; definition and illustrations were taken from Hefner, Bass and Hauser and De Stephano. Frequency distributions, ordinal regression and Cohen's Kappa statistics were performed as a means to assess population variation and repeatability. Frequency distributions were highly variable among South Africans. Twelve of the 13 variables had a statistically significant relationship with ancestry. Sex significantly affected only one variable, inter-orbital breadth, and age at death affected two (anterior nasal spine and alveolar prognathism). The interaction of ancestry and sex independently affected three variables (nasal bone contour, nasal breadth, and interorbital breadth). Seven traits had moderate to excellent repeatability, while poor scoring consistency was noted for six variables. Difficulties in repeating several of the trait scores may require either a need for refinement of the definitions, or these character states may not adequately describe the observable morphology in the population. The application of the traditional experience-based approach for estimating ancestry in forensic case work is problematic. 相似文献
120.
Karl Ask Marc‐André Reinhard Tamara Marksteiner Pär Anders Granhag 《Legal and Criminological Psychology》2011,16(2):289-306
Purpose. Previous experiments have demonstrated asymmetrical scepticism in investigators' judgments of criminal evidence – evidence inconsistent (vs. consistent) with the dominant hypothesis about a case is judged as less reliable. In addition, some types of evidence (e.g., witness testimony) are more susceptible to asymmetrical scepticism than others (e.g., DNA evidence), indicating varying degrees of elasticity. This article proposes that inconsistent evidence arouses cognitive dissonance, and that the dissonance can be reduced through either asymmetrical scepticism (for high‐elasticity evidence) or belief change (for low‐elasticity evidence). The hypotheses are tested in two experiments. Methods. In both experiments, law students made a preliminary judgment about the guilt of a suspect in a homicide case, and subsequently received a piece of DNA or witness evidence which was either consistent or inconsistent with the preliminary judgment. The extent to which participants changed their guilt judgments, judged the additional evidence as reliable, and felt dissonance served as the main dependent variables. Results. Inconsistent (vs. consistent) evidence did arouse stronger dissonance, but only for witness (and not DNA) evidence. Experienced dissonance (Experiment 1) and dissonance reduction (Experiment 2) accounted for the effect of the evidence on changes in guilt judgments, but not for the effect on reliability judgments. The greatest dissonance reduction was observed among participants who received inconsistent witness evidence but did not change their guilt judgments accordingly. Conclusions. It appears that dissonance plays a significant, although complex, role in investigative judgments of guilt and reliability. Alternative dissonance‐reducing mechanisms that can account for the findings and practical implications are discussed. 相似文献