The Politics of Grief

正The Confucian classic of China,the Liji,or The Book of Rites,is a work that teaches through numerous examples the proper ways to grieve for and remember the dead.In some cases,the requirements are quite extensive;the rituals prescribed for a son upon the death of his father,for example,require donning a mourning sackcloth.The first three days are spent fasting,leaping and crying;the burial     

Police Case-ending Possibilities within Criminal Investigations

This article refers to the function of the Police within the criminal justice systems in various European countries. It focuses on the legal and practical possibilities of the Police to either end criminal cases autonomously or to contribute to the final Public Prosecution Service decisions or at the end of the investigative stage. Normally Police hand on evidentially sufficient cases to the Public Prosecution Service at least at the end of the investigatory stage in all countries. Nevertheless, in almost all countries ways have been found to either legally or factually reduce PPS workload by giving Police some sort of case-ending decisions.     

The Public Prosecutor as Key-Player: Prosecutorial Case-Ending Decisions

This article presents the core issue of an 11 European countries study on the processes of diversion and prosecution with the public prosecutor as the key player. In consequence of a high workload large proportions of mass crimes are not brought before court, but are ended at earlier stages of criminal justice systems. Here the public prosecution service fulfils a selective function which differs from country to country according to its legal status and discretionary powers. Therefore the prosecutorial case-ending decisions in form of dismissal of proceedings, conditional disposals and penal orders can not be treated in isolation, but in dependence of its role within the whole criminal justice system and especially of the input from the police level.     

International Opinion and World Politics: the Case of the INF Treaty

The INF Treaty, a turning-point in the nuclear arms race, was preceded by massive protests against nuclear armaments around the world, thus providing a test of the old belief that world opinion is crucial for peace and security. At issue is whether the treaty came about because of, regardless of or in spite of this international opinion. Three propositions about the relationship between international opinion-formation and foreign policymaking are thus outlined in the paper and are then applied to the INF case. It appears that anti-nuclear opinion was effective in part and counter-productive in part. A salient feature of the INF process was its unpredictability, which suggests several reasons why international opinion-formation is apt to lead to unexpected results.     

Emergence of A Technological Society

Sino(techno)phobia rises among Western technological leadersThe emphasis on developing science and technology and closing the gap that had emerged historically between China and the West has been and remains a key goal of Chinese leaders who have long understood that the Chinese nation’s rejuvenation depends on it.     

Sovereignty Matters

Those who seek to demolish rule of law can't be appointed as keepers of law By most his torical accounts,China began to emerge as a nation-state with the Xinhai Revolution in 1911.The struggle was to transforam from a civilizationstate to a nation-state,per the model imposed then by the hegemony of Western political models.Those initial efforts were not successful。