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141.
It has long been argued that shared services represent an efficacious means of securing efficiencies for municipalities. Indeed, pressures from fiscal austerity, taxation limitations, and the specter of forced amalgamations have resulted in an increasing uptake of shared service arrangements. However, the extant evidence is rather inconclusive and is largely restricted to analyzing the nett efficiency outcomes for the specific service shared. We broaden this evidential base by examining the association between shared service production and the efficiency of entire municipalities. Our analysis, employing a 5‐year panel of data, suggests that shared services are associated with a statistically significant reduction in overall municipal efficiency. We conclude by explicating on the public policy implications arising from our prima facie surprising results. 相似文献
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146.
This paper examines the developmental antecedents of interpartner violence (IPV) victimization and perpetration in a New Zealand
birth cohort (n = 828). The study found: (a) IPV occurred in 70% of relationships, with conflict ranging from minor psychological abuse to
severe assault; (b) men and women reported similar experiences of victimization and perpetration of IPV; (c) exposure to abuse
in childhood, family dysfunction and adversity, childhood and adolescent conduct problems, and alcohol abuse/dependence were
significant predictors of IPV victimization and perpetration at age 25; and (d) the antecedents of IPV were largely the same
for males and females, although the specific effects of these risk factors differed according to gender. Conduct disorder
was more strongly predictive of IPV for females, whereas family adversity was more strongly predictive of IPV victimisation
for males. 相似文献
147.
Joseph Lapalombara 《Political science quarterly》1998,113(4):703-705
Book reviewed in this article: Italy Since 1989: Events and Interpretations by Vittorio Bufacchi and Simon Burg The Italian Guillotine: Operation Clean Hands and the Overthrow of Italy's First Republic by Stanton H. Burnett and Luca Mantovani. 相似文献
148.
Joseph Roman 《Development in Practice》2004,14(1-2):100-109
This paper argues that the NGO position on global labour rights is mistaken. NGOs' concerns over race and gender inequalities and their rejection of the primacy of class in today's global, capitalist economy have frustrated the project of incorporating labour rights into the global free trade regime. Trade unions, meanwhile, are one of the few agencies dedicated to dissolving class inequalities, especially between workers in the North and the South. Until NGOs rethink their position on class, trade unions are the only agency capable of pushing the labour rights agenda forward. 相似文献
149.
Understanding the relationships between youthful gambling, substance use, and other problem behaviors is of interest to researchers studying deviance and to policymakers developing improved prevention strategies. This study used first-order and second-order factor models to test the hypothesis that gambling, alcohol misuse, other drug use, and delinquency were manifestations of a single general deviance construct. Respondents were seventeen to twenty-one year-old youth who were interviewed in two separate general population studies. Contrary to the hypothesis, the second-order model with a single deviance construct did not fit as well as a model specifying only correlations among all first-order factors. A single latent variable representing general deviant behavior did not explain deviance as well as distinct types of problem behaviors. This was true for overall samples and for gender-specific subgroups. Thus, while problem behaviors were related, there also must be uncorrelated antecedents predicting distinct types of youthful problem behaviors. 相似文献
150.
Two studies tested the hypothesis that organizational decision makers attempt to counterbalance contribution-based distributions
of financial/material rewards (a “merit” system that creates monetary inequality) with need- and equality-based allocations
of socioemotional rewards, in effect allocating “roses” in lieu of more “bread”. Experiment 1 had a two-factor design (Reward
Type × Magnitude of Income Inequality); 67 subjects were given a managerial in-basket exercise in which they expressed their
preferences for a variety of distributive justice rules for seven different types of rewards. Experiment 2 (N=39) had the
same design, with a stronger manipulation of magnitude of inequality. Results of the two experiments were consistent with
the counterbalancing hypothesis, irrespective of magnitude of income inequality; financially related rewards (e.g., profit
sharing, office space, company cars) were distributed with more emphasis on contribution rules (i.e., performance, status),
while more socioemotional rewards (e.g., help for an employee's spouse, friendliness) were allocated with more emphasis on
equality among individuals, equality across groups, and personal need. 相似文献