习观者融入群体性事件的成因及防治对策

在群体性事件中，围观者是影响肇事群体行为的非常重要的因素，围观群众具有成分复杂性、运动形态流动性、认识盲目性和心态剧变性等特点，围观群众可能会成为肇事群体。为此，应坚持“可散不可聚”的原则，充分发挥社会组织、主流媒体的作用，采取各种措施，及时设法阻断围观者与肇事群体之间的互动，疏散和化解围观群众，防止他们融为一体。     

简论廉政文化建设的"四大工程"

廉政文化建设是人们为培育廉政文化所开展的各种形式的活动的总和,是廉政建设与文化建设的结合.推进廉政文化建设,要牢固树立廉政文化建设是基础工程、系统工程、艰巨工程与希望工程的思想.只有这样,才能扎实推进廉政文化建设,从而使党始终保持先进性,不断提高执政能力,完成执政使命.     

Greener Pastures

正China looks to Xinjiang for new energy The name Xinjiang literally translates into "new frontier," and the name of the autonomous region rings especially true as     

The Influence of Footwear Sole Hardness on Slip Characteristics and Slip‐Induced Falls in Young Adults

Theoretically, a shoe that provides less friction could result in a greater slip distance and foot slipping velocity, thereby increasing the likelihood of falling. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sole hardness on the probability of slip‐induced falls. Forty young adults were randomized into a hard or a soft sole shoe group, and tested under both nonslippery and slippery floor conditions using a motion analysis system. The proportions of fall events in the hard‐ and soft‐soled shoe groups were not statistically different. No differences were observed between shoe groups for average slip distance, peak and average heel velocity, and center of mass slipping velocity. A strong association was found between slip distance and the fall probability. Our results demonstrate that the probability of a slip‐induced fall was not influenced by shoe hardness. Once a slip is induced, slip distance was the primary predictor of a slip‐induced fall.     

Toward a Theory of Fiscal Slack

Though the fiscal slack literature has advanced over the past decade, more research is needed for a systematic understanding of the determinants and uses of fiscal reserves at the local level. This paper reviews theory and empirical evidence on the determinants of municipal fiscal reserves offers a conceptual framework for analyzing fiscal reserves accumulation and tests a series of hypotheses using a panel of 2007–2012 financial data for 145 U.S. cities from 21 states. Generalized least squares models show that unassigned general fund balances and unrestricted net assets are positively associated with general fund surpluses in the previous year and with local household incomes, while not being related to measures of fiscal risk, revenue effort, and voter characteristics. Overall, the findings suggest a relatively stronger influence of the capacity to save than the need to save on local fiscal reserves.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的免疫学研究进展

从猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的主要抗原蛋白、持续性感染、细胞免疫、体液免疫和免疫抑制几方面论述了猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒与宿主之间存在复杂的免疫相互作用,旨在为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征疫苗的设计与研制提供新的思路和方法。     

Rapid direct PCR for ABO blood typing

Many different molecular typing methods have been reported to complement routine serological ABO blood typing in forensics. However, these ABO genotyping methods are often time-consuming and call for an initial DNA isolation step that requires the use of expensive kits or reagents. We report here a rapid direct ABO genotyping method that eliminates the need for DNA extraction from fresh blood, hair, and body fluid stains before PCR. Using a fast PCR instrument and an optimized polymerase, the genotyping method-which employs a multiplex allele-specific primer set for the simultaneous detection of three single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites (nucleotides 261, 526, and 803)-identifies A, B, O01/O02, O03, and cis-AB01 alleles in around 70 min from sample collection to electropherogram. Not only will this ABO genotyping method be efficiently used in forensic practice for rapid screening of samples before full-blown multilocus short tandem repeat profiling, but it will also demonstrate an example of rapid direct genotyping of SNPs that offers the advantages of time- and cost-efficiency, convenience, and reduced contamination during DNA analysis.     

Intergenerational continuities and discontinuities in intimate partner violence: a two-generational prospective study

This study focuses on intergenerational continuity in violent partner relationships. We investigate whether exposure to caregiver intimate partner violence (IPV) during adolescence leads to increased involvement in IPV during early adulthood (age 21-23) and adulthood (age 29-31). We also investigate whether this relationship differs by gender. Although there is theoretical and empirical support for intergenerational continuity of relationship violence, there are few prospective studies of this issue. We use data from the Rochester Youth Development Study (RYDS), a longitudinal study of the development of antisocial behavior in a community sample of 1,000 urban youth followed from age 14 to adulthood. The original sample includes 73% men and 85% African American or Hispanic youth. Measures come from a combination of interviews and official records. The Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) is used to assess IPV and severe IPV in the youth and parent generations. Analyses controlled for child physical abuse, race/ethnicity as well as parent education, family stability, and poverty. In multivariate models, adolescent exposure to caregiver severe IPV resulted in significantly increased risk of relationship violence in early adulthood (age 21-23). Furthermore, there is an indirect effect of adolescent exposure to severe IPV on later adult involvement in IPV (age 29-31), mediated by involvement in a violent relationship in early adulthood. These results were largely invariant by gender. However, we observed a direct pathway between IPV exposure and adult IPV for women (marginally significant) suggesting that adolescent exposure to caregiver IPV may set in motion women-specific processes.     

韩国道教的起源——韩国道教的自创论和外来传入论的比较研究

道教不但是中国传统思想文化的基础和主流,也是东亚传统思想文化的基础之一。亚洲国家中除了中国以外,受道教影响最大的要数韩国和日本。在韩国,对于道教的研究并不十分火热。所幸这几年随着韩国研究道家的学者越来越多,更多的研究成果被公之于世。我们为了更好地理解韩国的道教,应该从韩国道教的起源开始,并且不局限于韩国学者的研究成果,更要走向国际,特别是与中国学者共同努力研究韩国的道教。