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211.
The attempted military coup of 23 February 1981 underlined the fragility of democracy in Spain, recently restored after forty years of dictatorship by General Franco. The article argues that the ultimate reason for Spanish democracy's precarious state lies in the existence of a traditionally interventionist Army, an Army not identified with the values and ideals of democracy. A minority of right‐wing officers thought that terrorism by the Basque group ETA, the regional problem, and the political disenchantment of many Spaniards, related to the decline of Suárez, called for a new intervention by the Army against the legally constituted democracy.  相似文献   
212.
This article provides evidence from a randomised control trial conducted among potato farmers in Ecuador about the impact of mobile phone text messages on farmer knowledge about and adoption of integrated pest management (IPM) practices. Using psychological constructs, we examine competing explanations for non-standard decision-making leading to low adoption of beneficial agricultural technologies. Farmers who received text messages have significantly higher knowledge and are more likely to adopt most IPM practices than those in the control group. Findings provide evidence that text messages lead to behavioural changes by reducing inattention and sub-optimal heuristics in the face of complex decisions.  相似文献   
213.
While China will probably become more proactive in its multilateral diplomacy and increase its influence in global multilateral settings, various concerns and constraints make it unlikely that it will completely overhaul or even dramatically reshape the multilateral architecture at the global level. Stuck in defining its identity, China is caught up between posturing as a leader of the developing world on some policy issues and siding with the developed countries on others. China’s involvement in global multilateralism is likely to be guided by pragmatism rather than grand visions.  相似文献   
214.
This article has two principal objectives: (1) to study the behavioral dimensions of Muslim prisoners which predict their Islamist radicalism and (2) to study whether the behavior manifested by them is higher in prisons with a greater concentration of Muslims and a higher presence of prisoners convicted for Islamist terrorism than in prisons with fewer Muslims and no convicted Islamist terrorists. We conclude that some Spanish prisons may provide favorable social environments for jihadist radicalism and that the questionnaire utilized is a useful diagnostic tool for evaluating the magnitude of this phenomenon.  相似文献   
215.
Reversing the retreat of the Yeltsin era, Russia has returned to Central Asia proactively. Its presence is increasingly felt in the traditional–that is, security–field and in new fields of engagement, such as strategically-placed investment or construction of regionalism. The cultural and “civilisational” role has also gained more prominence. Moscow's policy reflects pragmatic opportunism, aimed at getting the utmost benefits for Russia from a region in which it holds many assets rather than at a revival of the former empire. There are limits however as to how far its engagement can go due to constraints posed by Central Asian realities and Russian domestic developments. So far, the advance has been greatly facilitated by the West's retreat, giving rise to perceptions of an unfolding “great game”, while in reality a record of both competition and cooperation between Russia, China and the West is a normal state of affairs. Although Central Asian elites find it easier to deal with Moscow in the current political climate, they view its assertive role with caution and may turn to a rival suitor should the price for the relationship with Russia become too high.  相似文献   
216.
为探讨家兔圆小囊抗菌肽(RSRP)的体外抗菌活性以及与抗菌药之间的协同效应关系,采用琼脂糖弥散试验检测RSRP对8株供试细菌的抗菌活性,然后采用棋盘微量稀释法,选取11种常用抗菌药,分别测定其对临床分离的耐药大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度,再采用分级抑制浓度指数来定量检测RSRP与抗菌药之间的抗菌作用关系。结果显示,RSRP对8株供试菌均有不同程度的抗菌活性,分级抑制浓度指数从小于0.3到大于5不等。证实该抗菌肽与不同的抗菌药之间协同、相加、无关和拮抗作用关系均存在,其中与β-内酰胺类药物氨苄西林钠、头孢噻呋钠表现明显的协同作用。  相似文献   
217.
为获得中国麋鹿朊蛋白(PRNP)的全基因,并利用DNAStar软件与已报道的其他动物的朊蛋白全基因序列进行同源性分析,根据GenBank中马鹿朊蛋白基因序列设计特异性引物,采用PCR方法从提取的总基因组中扩增得到麋鹿PRNP基因;将其连接到pGEM-T Easy载体中,获得克隆产物并测序。结果,成功扩增出了中国麋鹿PRNP基因,构建了重组质粒pGEM-T-ML;对克隆产物的序列分析表明,麋鹿PRNP基因的开放阅读框包含771bp,编码256个氨基酸的前体蛋白,前体蛋白的分子质量约为28 200u;与已报道的其他鹿科动物朊蛋白全基因的核苷酸及氨基酸序列的同源性均在98.8%以上,与几种非鹿科动物的同源性在96.5%~98.4%之间。结果表明,麋鹿PRNP基因的核苷酸和编码蛋白的氨基酸序列与其他鹿科动物的序列具有高度保守性,而与几种非鹿科动物间的同源性也较高,说明朊蛋白是一种古老的高度保守的蛋白。  相似文献   
218.
Over the past decades, university-industry relationships have become an important subject due to the essential role played by technological progress in the economic development of countries. From a theoretical point of view, several studies have shown the close relationship between investments in research and innovative activities of universities and the economic growth of specific territories. Indeed, the strong linkages between universities and a country’s production system encourage the process of technology transfer and the commercial use of the research results. For this reason, the European Union has implemented a series of measures to promote the adoption of research findings in the real economic and social context, strengthening the linkages between universities, industries and government. As a starting point for enhancing this link, specific mechanisms have been devised by universities. In particular, technology transfer offices (TTOs) have been created to stimulate and encourage the dissemination of the research outcomes, translate them into practise, and facilitate their interrelations with the other two agents of the innovation systems: industries and government. Within this context, the present paper aims to gain knowledge on the determinants of spin-off creation in Italy with special attention to the role played by university TTOs. Specifically, an econometric probability model has been built merging the extant literature into four distinct strands. The analysis, based on the NetVal indicators and primary data survey, has allowed us to assess the Italian experience at an aggregate and disaggregate level.  相似文献   
219.
反腐倡廉是中国特色社会主义理论体系的内在要求,推进中国特色社会主义理论体系大众认同,不仅需要宣传普及中国特色社会主义理论体系,还要坚持反腐倡廉,纯洁党风政风,营造良好的政治生态环境。当前的腐败现象严重损害了人民利益,给反马克思主义思潮提供了生存空间,阻碍了中国特色社会主义的建设进程,直接危及中国特色社会主义理论体系的大众认同。必须以反腐倡廉切实维护人民群众的根本利益,为推进中国特色社会主义理论体系大众认同创设重要条件;必须以反腐倡廉切实维护中国共产党的自身形象,为推进中国特色社会主义理论体系大众认同提供根本保障;必须以反腐倡廉增强中国特色社会主义理论自信,为推进中国特色社会主义理论体系大众认同激发内生动力。  相似文献   
220.
美国行政法官独立化进程评述   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8       下载免费PDF全文
李娟 《中外法学》1996,(5):74-76
<正> 1996年3月17日第11届全国人大四次会议通过的《中华人民共和国行政处罚法》第一次以法律的形式规定了一个特别的行政程序——听证程序,并突出强调听证主持人员地位的独立性。建立听证制度是我国借鉴国外经验,特别是美国发达的听证制度经验的结果。这一两年来,美国学者在积极探讨如何改进本国听证制度的时候也把焦点集中在行政法官的独立化问题上。虽然美国在这个问题上已经走得很远,但作一些介绍和分析评价,对于我国听证制度的发展也许不无稗益。  相似文献   
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