政府信息化系统群集成化建设模式研究

本文从我国政府信息化分散建设的实际情况出发,为解决不同单位间关联业务数据不共享、协同应用与业务整合的关联松散等实际问题,建立了政府信息化系统群集成化建设的框架模型,综合运用集合空间思想、群判别法知识和集成管理理论,提出了政府信息化系统群集成的判断依据,并对政府信息化系统群集成化建设管理机制进行了充分探索,为促进政府信息化系统群建设管理机制的改进提供借鉴,一定程度上推动了我国政府信息化系统的建设模式创新。     

社会群体性突发事件的应急管理机制研究——以北京市为例

社会群体性突发事件是经济转轨、社会转型中利益矛盾和冲突的一种尖锐表现,认识和处置不当会对社会稳定与和谐发展造成严重影响。本文在已有研究成果的基础上,指明了北京市社会群体性突发事件的特殊性,分析了北京市社会群体性突发事件应急管理机制的现状及问题,进而提出有针对性的对策与建议。     

小城镇服务业人才培养问题研究

劳动力市场人才资源的配置问题是小城镇服务业发展中急需解决的重要问题之一。本文从用人单位满意度分析的基础上,采用模糊综合评价法对当前小城镇服务业劳动力需求与人才培养对接问题现状进行了评价,发现劳动力市场人才资源的配置与人才培养供给之间出现了严重的失衡。人才培养只有遵循劳动力市场需求,动态地调整培训方案与体系,才能够健康持续地发展。     

政府部门知识共享行为的实证研究

本文从政府部门的信息技术水平,政府部门个体的知识共享动机,以及政府知识共享的组织氛围等维度构建政府部门知识共享行为的理论模型。论文采用大样本问卷调查的方法在政府部门公务人员中开展实证研究,对模型的适用性进行检验。研究结果表明,政府部门的外部奖励对个体知识共享意愿之间没有相关关系,知识共享意愿与知识共享的组织氛围对于知识共享行为的影响作用非常大。研究结论可为政府部门提高公务员的知识共享行为提供有益借鉴。     

我国集体土地征收制度改革的路径选择

集体土地征收制度改革的关键在于保障农民的土地财产权,分配好土地在征收出让过程中产生的增值收益,在各方主体的利益需求与矛盾冲突中寻找一种新的制度平衡。本文在分析现行集体土地征收制度不协调的内在机理的基础上,构建了我国集体土地征收制度改革路径模型,提出了以集体组织为交易主体的农村建设用地直接入市和政府职能转变并举为重点的四种路径选择,探讨了改革面临的土地增值收益分配难点问题,为推进我国征地制度改革提供了可借鉴的思路和建议。     

Voting for Pareto optimality: a multidimensional analysis

We compare unanimity rule and majority rule in their abilities to produce Pareto superior and Pareto optimal alternatives in fixed number of rounds of voting using a two-dimensional spatial voting model with random proposals, sincere proposals, and strategic proposals. Our findings show that for random or sincere proposals, majority rule is at least as likely to select a Pareto optimal outcome as unanimity rule. For strategic proposals, the subgame perfect equilibrium under unanimity rule is Pareto optimal. For other k-majority rules, the outcome is Pareto optimal or very close to it. For outcomes that are both Pareto optimal and Pareto superior, unanimity rule outperforms majority rule.     

Family Influences on Female Offenders’ Substance Use: The Role of Adverse Childhood Events among Incarcerated Women

Childhood maltreatment, witnessing violence, and growing up with absent, addicted, or mentally ill caregivers influence adult physical and psychological well-being and may play an important role in female offending. This study utilizes data from a study of 60 incarcerated women to examine a possible intervening variable in the victimization-crime relationship. We conduct qualitative analyses to examine family influences on substance use among female offenders. Findings indicate that substance use may arise from a need to cope with child victimization and adversity, and that factors such as poor parental supervision may contribute to girls’ substance use. After onset of drug use, many women may turn to further criminal activity to support their habits. Implications for research and intervention are addressed.     

Extreme poverty alleviation through community-based entrepreneurship: PRODECO in Paraguay

Community-based entrepreneurship projects have been advocated as a potential approach to alleviate extreme poverty as they provide opportunities for income generation and capacity enhancement. This practical note provides an overview of the PRODECO project undertaken jointly by the Paraguayan government and the World Bank (1999–2008) in three southern departments of Paraguay (Itapúa, Misiones, and Ñeembucú). It describes and analyses the context, scope, operations, and results of this project, and identifies five main lessons related to frequent challenges faced by this approach; on size, access to skills, distance from government agencies, pace, and technology.     

The Presumption of Proportionality

This article challenges the assumption that the burden of demonstrating that a limitation of a fundamental right is proportionate rests on the public authority seeking to justify the limitation. After considering the operation of burdens and presumptions in European human rights case‐law it notes the difficulties British domestic courts have had in rigorously applying proportionality tests. It suggests that the concerns which lead judges to weaken the requirement of proportionality would be better met by recognising that certain circumstances give rise to a presumption of proportionality, where the burden of demonstrating disproportionality rests on the right‐holder. Five categories of case in which this applies are proposed, and one which has recently been judicially accepted is rejected. Clarifying the types of case in which a presumption of proportionality applies is a preferable strategy to blurring the standards of justification to be met by those seeking to limit the enjoyment of rights.¹