Der Bauträger nach der Gewerbeordnung 1994

Dieser Beitrag nimmt ein unl?ngst ergangenes VwGH-Erkenntnis zum Anlass, um sich allgemein mit dem Bautr?gerbegriff der GewO 1994 auseinander zu setzen. Die Hauptleistung des Bautr?gers besteht in der organisatorischen und kommerziellen Abwicklung eines Bauvorhabens. Ob der Bautr?ger als "Bauherr" anzusehen ist, auf eigene oder fremde Rechnung, im eigenen oder als bevollm?chtigter Stellvertreter im fremden Namen handelt, scheint für die GewO 1994 bei genauer Betrachtung nicht ma?geblich zu sein.     

Overcoming Doctrinal School Thought: A Unifying Approach to Human Dignity

The concept of human dignity is criticized due to its vagueness, but by discussing the most important schools of thought, we can identify a core meaning that is common to most understandings of human dignity: Whether we conceptualize human dignity in terms of autonomy, self‐respect, social acts, or equal status, we always refer to some kind of personal identity. This personal identity consists in those aspects that we consider to be constitutive of our individual personality. Instead of remaining within doctrinal school thought, this core meaning can be taken as a common denominator for human dignity discourse.     

German Voters in Times of Crisis: The Impact of Perceptions and Economic Context on Electoral Behaviour

This paper analyses the connection between economic context, voters’ individual assessment of the economy, and party identification, taking the German national elections of 2009 as an example. Based on the results of multinomial and multilevel regression models, the article shows that partisanship moderates how the economy affects the vote. In cases of increasing unemployment in the constituency, voters are less likely to vote for the Social Democrats instead of the CDU and the opposition. This effect is particularly strong amongst voters who report that they identify with the Social Democrats. Regarding the effect of voters’ assessment of the national economy, the results are different. In this case, a better evaluation of the regional economy increases the probability to vote for right-wing parties – notably amongst voters without partisanship. These findings suggest that the moderating effect of partisanship on the economy’s impact on voting behaviour should not be overestimated. What is more, this analysis implies that research on economic voting should always account for both contextual factors and voters’ personal assessment of the economy, as these measures reveal different dimensions of economic voting.     

政府购买服务的美国经验及其对中国的借鉴意义——基于对一个公共服务个案的观察

目前中国正在快速推进政府购买公共服务的政策与实践。服务提供模式的转变绝非简单地将公共服务移交专业的社会组织,而是要在能力建设、政府角色转换、潜在风险防范、服务传输质量保障以及政府与社会组织间的关系构建等方面,做出系统性的制度安排。美国早在1960年代就开始通过政府购买方式拓展公共服务的供给渠道,现已发展为公共服务提供的主导模式。论文根据对中国一项政府购买服务个案运行全过程的观察,以美国政府购买服务的理论和实践作为参照,对中国政府购买服务亟需解决的问题、理念构建和制度安排进行了深入探讨。