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911.
This case study presents an unusual manifestation of gunshot trauma in skeletal tissue from a post‐World War II human rights abuse sample uncovered in Vilnius, Lithuania. After briefly reviewing the typical wound appearance of projectile trauma in the cranium, we discuss the presence of an intact bone plug associated with a gunshot exit wound in an individual from the Tuskulenai Case. While this individual demonstrated typical gunshot entry and exit wounds to the cranium consistent with high‐velocity trauma, the bone plug indicates that the projectile likely lost much of its kinetic energy while traveling through the cranium resulting in a low‐velocity impact at the exit site. This study reviews a similar instance of a bone plug recovered from a bioarcheological sample in Peru and emphasizes the importance of thorough archeological excavations of mass graves. 相似文献
912.
Julie Novkov 《Law & social inquiry》2015,40(3):811-832
Gillman, Howard, Mark Graber, and Keith Whittington. 2012 . American Constitutionalism: Volume I: Structures of Government . New York: Oxford University Press. Gillman, Howard, Mark Graber, and Keith Whittington. 2012 . American Constitutionalism: Volume II: Rights and Liberties . New York: Oxford University Press. This essay reviews Howard Gillman, Mark Graber, and Keith Whittington, American Constitutionalism: Volume I: Structures of Government (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012), and Howard Gillman, Mark Graber, and Keith Whittington, American Constitutionalism: Volume II: Rights and Liberties (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012). It defends developmental approaches in the study of US constitutional law. It explains how law has been studied in political science, illustrating how political development became part of the story. It outlines how American political development approaches work when applied to law, noting how studying law transforms these approaches. It notes the insights produced through the blending of American political development and constitutional law, explaining how these insights provide more leverage for understanding the role of courts as democratic institutions. The essay closes by discussing the promising directions these approaches suggest, defending their value beyond political science. 相似文献
913.
Valentina Bugelli M.D. David Forni M.D. Luciani Alessandro Bassi M.D. Marco Di Paolo M.D. Damiano Marra M.D. Scilla Lenzi M.D. Chiara Toni M.D. Ph.D. Mario Giusiani M.D. Ranieri Domenici M.D. Mirella Gherardi M.D. Stefano Vanin Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(2):525-531
Eight cases that occurred indoors in which the insects played an important role in the mPMI estimation are presented. The bodies of socially isolated people and old people living alone were discovered in central Italy between June and November. mPMI ranged from a few days to several weeks. Insects were collected during the body recovery and the postmortem. Climatic data were obtained from the closest meteorological stations and from measurements performed on the site. Sarcophagidae and Calliphoridae species were present in 75% of the cases with Lucilia sericata and Chrysomya albiceps collected in 50% of the cases. Chrysomya albiceps was always found in association with Lucilia species. Scuttle flies (Phoridae) were found in 37.5% of the cases, confirming the ability of these species in indoor body colonization. We show that if sealed environment may delay, the insect arrival dirty houses may create the environment where sarcosaprophagous insects are already present. 相似文献
914.
Julie Coyle B.S. Karen F. Ross M.D. Jeffrey J. Barnard M.D. Elizabeth Peacock M.D. Charles A. Linch B.S. Joseph A. Prahlow M.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(3):642-647
Although serial killings are relatively rare, they can be the cause of a great deal of anxiety while the killer remains at‐large. Despite the fact that the motivations for serial killings are typically quite complex, the psychological analysis of a serial killer can provide valuable insight into how and why certain individuals become serial killers. Such knowledge may be instrumental in preventing future serial killings or in solving ongoing cases. In certain serial killings, the various incidents have a variety of similar features. Identification of similarities between separate homicidal incidents is necessary to recognize that a serial killer may be actively killing. In this report, the authors present a group of serial killings involving three prostitutes who were shot to death over a 3‐month period. Scene and autopsy findings, including the unusual finding of postmortem enucleation of the eyes, led investigators to recognize the serial nature of the homicides. 相似文献
915.
Zheng Wang Ph.D. Ji Zhang Ph.D. Wei Wei Ph.D. Di Zhou M.D. Haibo Luo Ph.D. Xiaogang Chen Ph.D. Yiping Hou Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(3):702-706
In the forensic science community, microRNA (miRNA) profiling has started to be explored as an alternative tool for body fluid identification. Several origins of body fluid can be distinguished by measuring differential expression patterns of particular miRNAs. However, most of reported saliva miRNAs are nonoverlapping and debatable. The aim of this study was to develop a strategy of identifying saliva using miRNA biomarkers for forensic purpose. Eight miRNA candidates were selected to examine expression abundance in forensically relevant body fluids using hydrolysis probes quantitative real‐time PCR (TaqMan qPCR). Results revealed that none of them was truly saliva specific, and only miR‐200c‐3p, miR‐203a, and miR‐205‐5p were higher or more moderate expression in saliva. A stepwise strategy that combines each of three miRNAs with different body fluid‐specific miRNAs was developed, and three miRNA combinations could effectively differentiate saliva from other body fluids. 相似文献
916.
目的观察在免疫抑制家兔背部足太阳膀胱经循行路线上开展推拿疗法对局部皮肤CD80、波形蛋白表达的影响。方法将18只家兔随机平均分为空白组、模型组和推拿组,采用腹腔注射环磷酰胺的方法造模,观察各组动物局部皮肤CD80、波形蛋白表达的变化。结果模型组CD80、波形蛋白的表达(阳性细胞数、表达强度)均低于空白组(P<0.05,P<0.01);推拿组CD80、波形蛋白的表达(阳性细胞数、表达强度)均高于模型组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论采用腹腔注射环磷酰胺的方法能够制造免疫抑制动物模型;在足太阳膀胱经循行路线上开展背部推拿疗法能够有效促进局部皮肤CD80、波形蛋白的表达,从而调节免疫抑制家兔的局部免疫功能。 相似文献
917.
Joanna D. Pozzulo Jennifer Reed Jennifer Pettalia Julie Dempsey 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2016,31(1):71-80
This study compared four lineup procedures: the simultaneous, sequential, elimination, and wildcard. Two hundred and sixty-nine university students (M = 20.17 years) watched a mock, videotaped crime. Then, following a brief delay, they viewed a 6-person target-present or -absent lineup using one of the four lineup procedures. For target-present lineups, correct identification rates for the four lineup procedures were comparable. In contrast, for target-absent lineups, the correct rejection rate was higher using the elimination lineup procedure compared to the wildcard and simultaneous lineup procedures. Remaining comparisons between lineup procedures found no significant differences. Also diagnosticity ratios were similar across the four procedures. 相似文献
918.
Julie Schnobrich-Davis 《Police Practice and Research》2016,17(1):22-36
Profound changes are being made in the way police organize and collaborate. Many of these changes are due to economic times, as well as changes that occurred after September 11th. Small- and medium-size agencies are finding new and innovative ways to mobilize for critical events and large-scale operations. The mechanisms for collaboration vary and few studies have examined the effectiveness of these different types of interagency cooperative ventures. The Metropolitan Law Enforcement Council is a non-profit organization and pools resources from 43 law enforcement agencies. This study found the approach to be successful in accomplishing its primary mission of providing needed services to the member agencies. Lastly, this type of collaborative approach is changing the landscape of policing through the use of multijurisdictional special operational units available to respond to a host of situations from public and private requests. 相似文献
919.
Joseph Rukus John M. Eassey Julie Marie Baldwin 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2016,41(3):539-564
In line with reentry and life course research that has shown increases in desistance for individuals connected with employment, work release programming attempts to achieve desistance from crime by linking criminal offenders to the labor market while in the correctional system. Recent research has speculated that the completion of rigorous employment programming may serve as a signal to employers that criminal careers have ceased and the offenders are employable. Therefore, it is important to understand factors associated with successful program completion. This study utilizes a sample of jail-based work release participants to explore factors correlated with program completion. Consistent with prior research, we find that offenders who are older, Caucasian, and employed at time of arrest are more likely to complete the program and that minority participants and those with prior mental health treatment are less likely to complete the program. 相似文献
920.
Bourbonnais R Jauvin N Dussault J Vézina M 《International journal of law and psychiatry》2007,30(4-5):355-368
The main purpose of this study was to present changes occurring between 2002 and 2004 in the prevalence of psychosocial constraints and interpersonal violence at work among officers working in correctional facilities in Quebec. Results suggest that in the absence of specific organizational intervention aimed at improving a deleterious work situation, exposure to low decision latitude remained similar between 2002 and 2004, while exposure to high psychological demands improved somewhat, for both men and women. In 2000, rates of exposure of correctional officers in Quebec to high psychological demands, low decision latitude and the combination of high psychological demands and low decision latitude (job strain) were significantly higher than those obtained for the entire population of workers in Quebec in contact with the public. Exposure of correctional officers in Quebec to intimidation at work increased substantially between 2002 and 2004, among both men and women. Globally speaking, rates of exposure to intimidation by colleagues and superiors practically doubled between 2000 and 2004. Rates of exposure to intimidation among correctional officers in Quebec were particularly high in 2004 (71% among men 66% among women) compared to rates in another study conducted among federal correctional officers (48%) by Samak. The present study also showed that in 2004, correctional officers in Quebec were more likely to present signs of psychological distress linked with work when they were exposed to high psychological demands, low decision latitude, job strain and poor social support from superiors and colleagues. Psychological distress was also shown to be greater when reward at work was scarce and when there was an imbalance between effort and reward at work. Finally, in 2004, psychological distress among correctional officers was also associated with intimidation and psychological harassment at work. 相似文献