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231.
A Political Sociology Approach to the Diffusion of Conflict from Chechnya to Dagestan and Ingushetia
This article seeks to foster a better understanding of the diffusion of conflict in the North Caucasus. We argue that diffusion of conflict is a dynamic and adaptive process in which outcomes are shaped by the intersection of three social mechanisms—attribution of similarity, brokerage, and outbidding—and the political, social, and religious contexts. We suggest that a distinction should be made between horizontal and vertical processes of diffusion. We also approach the empirical diffusion of conflict from a different perspective, showing that non-Chechen actors have played a key role in both the diffusion process and its outcomes. 相似文献
232.
Matias Andreia Gonçalves Mariana Soeiro Cristina Matos Marlene 《European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research》2021,27(4):471-494
European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research - There is consensus that intimate partner homicide (IPH) is a gender crime and that it is one of the most extreme forms of violence. This study... 相似文献
233.
Filiz Adana Hülya Arslantaş Filiz Ergin Necla Biçer Nilüfer Kıranşal Sultan Şahin 《Journal of family violence》2011,26(7):519-526
Social gender roles refer to the roles that are traditionally associated with women and men. Social gender role includes the
personal attributes and behaviors which are culturally assigned to women and men. This study was conducted to determine the
views of male students at Caucasian University Health School on social gender roles at work, social life, marriage, and family
life. The study was conducted on male students studying at Kars Health School, Nursing and Health Officers Department during
2007–2008 academic year. The students were given 24 statements relating to work life, social life, marriage, and family life
to determine their views on social gender roles. Results indicated that 30.2% of the male students stated that women could
work in a paid job, 56.9% believed in equality of women and men, 44.8% approved honor killing, 40.5% said the girls should
receive education as far as they can go, 54.3% said the role of the women was to “provide moral support to their husband and
children”, 37.1% stated that husbands could beat their wives under certain circumstances, 52.6% said they witnessed violence
in their family at some stage of their lives, 51.7% said the women’s environment should be decided by the spouses together,
25% said the women should engage in sexual intercourse with their spouses even if they did not want to. Men who thought the
role of the women was to do housework/giving birth to children/looking after the elderly members of the house, and who approved
honor killing and disapproved working of their spouses, and who did not believe in equality of women and men, were found to
support violence to women by men. Moreover, the students who witnessed violence at some stage of their lives supported this
view as well. It was considered that the students should be educated on the definition of violence and situations involving
violence, and directed to consultant services. 相似文献
234.
The number of individuals affected by serious psychiatric disorders in Brazilian prisons is unknown. This cross-sectional study was conducted in prison complexes within the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The sample consisted of 497 prisoners, and the outcome measure was the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. The prevalence rates found in the closed and semi-open prison systems, respectively, were as follows: depression 17.6% and 18.8%; bipolar mood disorder 5.2% and 10.1%; anxiety disorders 6.9% and 14.4%; borderline personality disorder 19.7% and 34.8%; antisocial personality disorder 26.9% and 24.2%; alcohol addiction 26.6% and 35.3%; drug addiction 27.9% and 32.4%; psychosis 1.4% and 12.6%; attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood 10.3% and 22.2%; and ADHD in adulthood 4.1% and 5.3%. This study revealed higher rates of substance-related disorders and lower rates of psychotic and mood disorders compared to other prevalence studies carried out in prison populations. 相似文献
235.
The value of earmarks as an efficient means of personal identification is still subject to debate. It has been argued that the field is lacking a firm systematic and structured data basis to help practitioners to form their conclusions. Typically, there is a paucity of research guiding as to the selectivity of the features used in the comparison process between an earmark and reference earprints taken from an individual. This study proposes a system for the automatic comparison of earprints and earmarks, operating without any manual extraction of key-points or manual annotations. For each donor, a model is created using multiple reference prints, hence capturing the donor within source variability. For each comparison between a mark and a model, images are automatically aligned and a proximity score, based on a normalized 2D correlation coefficient, is calculated. Appropriate use of this score allows deriving a likelihood ratio that can be explored under known state of affairs (both in cases where it is known that the mark has been left by the donor that gave the model and conversely in cases when it is established that the mark originates from a different source). To assess the system performance, a first dataset containing 1229 donors elaborated during the FearID research project was used. Based on these data, for mark-to-print comparisons, the system performed with an equal error rate (EER) of 2.3% and about 88% of marks are found in the first 3 positions of a hitlist. When performing print-to-print transactions, results show an equal error rate of 0.5%. The system was then tested using real-case data obtained from police forces. 相似文献
236.
U Sakarya O Topçu UM Leloğlu M Soysal E Tunalı 《Forensic science international》2012,222(1-3):277-287
One of the significant problems encountered in criminology studies is the successful automated matching of fired cartridge cases, on the basis of the characteristic marks left on them by firearms. An intermediate step in the solution of this problem is the segmentation of certain regions that are defined on the cartridge case base. This paper describes a model-based method that performs segmentation of the cartridge case using surface height image of a center fire cartridge case base. The proposed method detects the location of the cartridge case base center and specific circular contours around it iteratively by projecting the problem to a one-dimensional feature space. In addition, the firing pin impression region is determined by utilizing an adaptive threshold that differentiates impression marks form primer region surface. Letters on the cartridge case base are also detected by using surface modeling and adaptive thresholding, in order to render the surface comparison operation robust against irrelevant surface features. Promising experimental results indicate the eligibility of the proposed method to be used for automated cartridge case base region segmentation process. 相似文献
237.
Jean-Fran?ois Laslier 《Public Choice》2012,153(3-4):269-277
The voting rule proposed by Basset and Persky (Public Choice 99:299?C310, 1999) picks the alternative with the best median evaluation. This paper shows that this MaxMed principle is equivalent to the MaxMin (so-called Rawls??) principle, with the proviso that one can discard half of the population. In one-dimensional, single-peaked domains, the paper compares the MaxMed rule with majority rule and the utilitarian criterion. The MaxMed outcome is rejected by a majority of voters in favor of outcomes that are also utilitarian improvements. 相似文献
238.
Nicolas Gérard Vaillant François-Charles Wolff 《European Journal of Law and Economics》2010,30(1):59-71
Using original French panel data, this paper investigates the relevance of the broken windows theory in case of an offence
category featured by the absence of monetary benefits. Estimates from random and fixed effects models highlight the deterrent
effect of sanctions for rapes and minor sexual offences. The enforcement activity of rapes is the most deterrent factor both
for rapes and other sexual offences, compared with the rapes- and minor sexual offences-reducing impact of an increase in
the enforcement activity for minor sexual offences. Our results cast doubt on the broken windows theory. From a normative
perspective, it would be more efficient to deter the authors of rapes rather than those of less severe sexual offences. 相似文献
239.
Nevin Hotun Şahin Sermin Timur Ayla Berkiten Ergin Ayten Taşpinar Nevin Akdolun Balkaya Sevde Çubukçu 《Journal of family violence》2010,25(7):661-668
The aim of this study is to determine childhood trauma, the type of marriage, and level of self-esteem as correlates of domestic
violence in married women in Turkey. The study sample consisted of 750 women aged 20 and over, selected through face to face
interviews. Results More than half the women were exposed to domestic violence, which increases with factors like lower economic status, teenage
and arranged marriages and a large number of children. According to the logistic regression model, arranged marriages, sexual
problems and physical abuse during childhood lead to an increase in the occurrence of domestic violence, while this decreases
as the partners age. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale scores were significantly lower in women subjected to domestic violence
and this decrease became statistically significant as the level of abuse experienced during childhood increased. 相似文献
240.
Taner Akar F. Nur Aksakal Birol Demirel Elif Durukan Seçil Özkan 《Journal of family violence》2010,25(5):449-460
This study determines the frequency of the spousal domestic violence among 1,178 married women who applied to some first level
medical institutions located in Ankara, the capital of Turkey. 77.9% (n = 918) of the women who participated in the study have stated that they have been exposed to at least one of the types of
spousal violence during their lifetime. The most reported type of domestic violence suffered by women throughout their lives
is economic violence (60.4%). The prevalence of controlling behaviors, emotional violence, physical and sexual violence are
59.6%, 39.7%, 29.9% and 31.3% respectively. 相似文献