德法并举的传统官员典范——包拯

宋朝包拯以其“一身正气、两袖清风、铁面无私、执法如山”的精神而被广为传颂。他不仅承袭了儒家的传统,而且兼采百家,尤其是法家思想。但是,包拯承袭法家思想的方式并非直接,而是通过荀子的学说实现的。包拯作为荀子学说的实践者实实在在地影响了中国传统法文化,影响了我国古今为官之正道,也影响到了社会民众对官员为官之道的期许。当前,对于倡导德法并举的中国特色为官价值具有积极的借鉴意义。     

Barriers to competition and the effect on political shirking: 1953–1992

Economists and political scientists have offered a variety of explanations for why legislators might rationally choose to ignore the preferences of their constituents, political parties, and presidents. The broad conclusion of this literature is that there is an element of “shirking” in congressional voting. The objective of this paper is to suggest that the effects of shirking in congressional voting may have increased over time, largely in response to the raising of barriers to competition in congressional elections, thereby enabling legislators to vote their own preferences without fear of losing reelection. We use a quasi-experimental design that controls for the effects of party, region, electoral safety, presidential control of the White House, and constituency factors, in isolating the causal effects of barriers to entry on a continuous series of roll-calls regarding the raising of the debt limit between 1953 and 1992. We find that “shirking” in legislative voting on debt limit legislation is a post-1970s phenomenon.     

科学发展观的理论价值与实践旨归

科学发展观是我们党在新世纪新阶段统领我国经济社会发展全局的重大战略思想。科学发展观的提出不但是对马克思主义发展观继承和创新的集中体现,也是对当代世界发展观的有效整合与超越,同时它还从发展的角度科学地回答了我国社会为什么发展和怎样发展的问题,是新时期我国社会主义现代化建设的根本指针。     

从利益角度看我国地方政府间竞争

通过经济利益、政治利益、文化利益几个方面对我国地方政府间竞争现状的原因进行分析,可以建立利益约束机制、利益分享机制、利益补偿机制来实现协调地方政府间的利益关系,从而促进经济的健康稳定发展。     

刑事司法改革导向与公众诉求的冲突及其消解

目前,我国刑事司法改革的导向无疑是构建符合程序正义和人权保障要求的现代刑事司法制度。但是在这个过程中,愈演愈烈的涉法上访等现象无疑揭示了社会公众对司法制度及其裁判结果的强烈不满,从而使刑事司法的改革导向与公众诉求之间产生显在的冲突。这种现象的存在,主要原因或许是我们过于强调刑事司法在程序正义和人权保障向度上的改造,而忽略了社会公众的认同。而社会公众一旦对刑事司法改革产生感情上的疏离,仅仅依靠刑事诉讼制度的完美设计不可能获得公众的认同。因此,我们必须采取切实可行的措施使刑事司法改革获得最大程度的公众认同,缩小改革导向与公众诉求之间的距离。     

实施"阳光工程"构建反腐倡廉制度防范机制

"阳光工程"让权力运行于阳光之下,旨在源头治腐,是最好的反腐剂,是"治本之举".福州市实施"阳光工程"是福州经济发展的"造福工程",是利国利民的"民心工程",在构建反腐倡廉制度防范机制上取得明显成效.     

三代党的领导核心思想路线的各自时代特点及哲学特色

毛泽东提出了“实事求是”的思想路线 ,邓小平提出了“解放思想、实事求是”的思想路线 ,江泽民又提出了“解放思想、实事求是、与时俱进”的思想路线 ,三者一脉相承。但由于所处于的时代环境不同 ,三位领导人除全部继承马克思主义哲学基本原理以外 ,又有各自鲜明的哲学特色。     

Pharmacogenomics as an aspect of molecular autopsy for forensic pathology/toxicology: does genotyping CYP 2D6 serve as an adjunct for certifying methadone toxicity?

Pharmacogenomics, applied as an aspect of molecular autopsy, may be used as an adjunct for certifying methadone fatalities. Methadone is metabolized by cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 1A2, 3A4, and 2D6. We hypothesized that methadone toxicity may be partially due to CYP 2D6 *3, *4, and *5 variant alleles, resulting in poor drug metabolism. A retrospective analysis was performed on covariables and risk factors of 21 methadone cases from the Milwaukee County Medical Examiner's Office (1998-2000). PCR genotyping showed: one heterozygous for 2D6*3, two homozygous for 2D6*4, five heterozygous for 2D6*4, and one heterozygous for both 2D6*3 and *4. This limited number of cases showed that the prevalence of poor metabolizer was higher but not significantly different from that of a control group (n = 23) (P > 0.05, Fisher Exact Test). Thus, CYP 2D6 mutations may not yet be directly associated with methadone toxicity. However, pharmacogenomics, complementing other case findings, served as an adjunct in interpreting methadone toxicity of poor and intermediate metabolizers.     

“三个代表”与中国共产党执政规律

“三个代表”重要思想是中国共产党对执政规律认识渐趋成熟的标志。它反映了中国共产党执政规律的内在要求和实质,对中国共产党执政规律的基本内容作出了新的科学概括。     

电子支付基础法律问题研究

电子支付制度在其货币和信息层面给传统法制带来了挑战。这两个层面涉及众多的法律问题需要寻求解决对策和进一步完善思路。结合我国实际，加快电子支付立法则是关键。