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131.
The Central District Council (CDC) in Botswana expanded service delivery to five sub‐districts in January 2000 using a model adapted from the South Somerset District Council, UK. As little data were available on the effectiveness of decentralised service delivery, officials and councillors throughout CDC were interviewed regarding their perception of the process. They not only provided recommendations for enhanced implementation but also identified some of the tensions resulting from it. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
132.
Siegel Judith M. Aneshensel Carol S. Taub Bonnie Cantwell Dennis P. Driscoll Anne K. 《Journal of youth and adolescence》1998,27(4):413-427
This research assessed whether there is an impact of race-ethnicity on depressed mood among adolescents, independent of socioeconomic status, whether gender differences in depressed mood are apparent within all race-ethnicity subgroups, and whether pubertal development influences depressed mood in a similar manner within gender and race-ethnicity subgroups. A three-stage, area probability sampling frame was utilized to select adolescents, ages 12–17 years, for an in-person interview. Depressed mood was assessed by the Children's Depression Inventory. Compared to Whites, African Americans, or Asian Americans, Latinos reported more symptoms of depressed mood, a finding that was independent of socioeconomic status. Advancing puberty was associated with depressed mood only among females, but the timing of pubertal changes, relative to ones peers, was related to depressed mood among both males and females, and among Latinos. 相似文献
133.
This study uses empirical spatial theory to evaluate candidate and voter behavior in senate elections contested during the 1989 Chilean general election. The study evaluates whether senatorial candidates competing in dual member districts under Chilean d'Hondt locate near the periphery or interior of the electoral space. Spatial analyses demonstrate the Chilean senatorial electoral system is characterized by centrifugal forces. In particular, candidates of the right locate on the periphery of the space and face few incentives to pursue moderate electoral strategies. The study also characterizes bases of party and candidate support and the underlying dimensions of political competition. Spatial analysis reveals both change and continuity in the pre- and post-authoritarian electoral universes. 相似文献
134.
This note evaluates relative ability of the proximity and recently proposed directional variants of the spatial model of voter choice to account for candidate evaluations in US presidential elections contested between 1980 and 1992. I do this by estimating a statistical model that represents voter preference for a candidate as a weighted average of proximity and directional components. The analysis corroborates previous studies supporting the directional model, but illustrate that these results are sensitive to statistical specification. Alternative methodological specifications favor a mixed directional-proximity model and the traditional distance representation. 相似文献
135.
136.
Ashli J. Sheidow Martha K. Strachan Joel A. Minden David B. Henry Patrick H. Tolan Deborah Gorman-Smith 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2008,37(7):821-829
Research examining the relationship between internalizing symptoms and antisocial behaviors has generally been cross-sectional
in design. Thus, although extant data have substantiated a strong correlation between internalizing symptoms and antisocial
behaviors, few studies have focused on describing the nature of the co-occurrence over time. This study examined the relation
between growth in internalizing symptoms and longitudinal patterns of antisocial behavior in a sample of 283 inner-city males
and their caregivers assessed as part of a longitudinal developmental risk study. Participants were assessed annually in four
waves. Non-offenders and escalating offenders had lower levels of internalizing problems at wave 1 than did chronic minor
and serious-chronic-violent offenders. Results revealed a developmental trend of decreasing internalizing problems across
study years for most participants, as would be expected, with adolescents participating in serious, chronic, and violent patterns
of antisocial behavior displaying greater internalizing problems than those participating in stable patterns of less serious
or no antisocial behavior. Further, when there was escalation of seriousness and frequency of antisocial behavior, there also
was increased internalizing problems relative to non-escalating juveniles. Results are discussed in the context of developmental
psychopathology.
相似文献
Ashli J. SheidowEmail: |
137.
Rethinking Timing of First Sex and Delinquency 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Harden KP Mendle J Hill JE Turkheimer E Emery RE 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2008,37(4):373-385
The relation between timing of first sex and later delinquency was examined using a genetically informed sample of 534 same-sex
twin pairs from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, who were assessed at three time points over a 7-year
interval. Genetic and environmental differences between families were found to account for the association between earlier
age at first sex and increases in delinquency. After controlling for these genetic and environmental confounds using a quasi-experimental
design, earlier age at first sex predicted lower levels of delinquency in early adulthood. The current study is contrasted
with previous research with non-genetically informative samples, including Armour and Haynie (2007, Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 36, 141–152). Results suggest a more nuanced perspective on the meaning and consequences of adolescent sexuality than is commonly
put forth in the literature.
Kathryn Paige Harden, M.A. received a B.S. in Psychology from Furman University and is currently a doctoral candidate in Clinical Psychology at the University of Virginia. Her research interests include behavior genetic methodology, as well as the development of child and adolescent externalizing psychopathology. Jane Mendle, M.A. received a B.A. in Psychology from Amherst College and is currently a doctoral candidate in Clinical Psychology at the University of Virginia. Her research interests include the antecedents of pubertal and sexual development, and the consequences of early puberty for psychological adjustment. She is currently a predoctoral intern at New York Presbyterian Hospital in Manhattan. Jennifer E. Hill, M.A. received a B.A. in Psychology from Dartmouth University and is currently a graduate student in Clinical Psychology at the University of Virginia. Her research interests include the role of peer relationships in the development of adolescent alcohol use and delinquent behavior. Eric Turkheimer, Ph.D. received a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from the University of Texas. He is a Professor of Psychology and the Director of Clinical Training at the University of Virginia. His research focuses on quantitative issues in behavior genetics, gene–environment interaction in the development of intelligence, and measurement of personality and personality disorders. Robert E. Emery, Ph.D. received a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from the State University of New York at Stony Brook. He is a Professor of Psychology and the Director of the Center for Children, Families, and the Law at University of Virginia. His research focuses on family relationships and children’s mental health, including parental conflict, divorce, child custody, and associated legal and policy issues. 相似文献
K. Paige HardenEmail: |
Kathryn Paige Harden, M.A. received a B.S. in Psychology from Furman University and is currently a doctoral candidate in Clinical Psychology at the University of Virginia. Her research interests include behavior genetic methodology, as well as the development of child and adolescent externalizing psychopathology. Jane Mendle, M.A. received a B.A. in Psychology from Amherst College and is currently a doctoral candidate in Clinical Psychology at the University of Virginia. Her research interests include the antecedents of pubertal and sexual development, and the consequences of early puberty for psychological adjustment. She is currently a predoctoral intern at New York Presbyterian Hospital in Manhattan. Jennifer E. Hill, M.A. received a B.A. in Psychology from Dartmouth University and is currently a graduate student in Clinical Psychology at the University of Virginia. Her research interests include the role of peer relationships in the development of adolescent alcohol use and delinquent behavior. Eric Turkheimer, Ph.D. received a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from the University of Texas. He is a Professor of Psychology and the Director of Clinical Training at the University of Virginia. His research focuses on quantitative issues in behavior genetics, gene–environment interaction in the development of intelligence, and measurement of personality and personality disorders. Robert E. Emery, Ph.D. received a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from the State University of New York at Stony Brook. He is a Professor of Psychology and the Director of the Center for Children, Families, and the Law at University of Virginia. His research focuses on family relationships and children’s mental health, including parental conflict, divorce, child custody, and associated legal and policy issues. 相似文献
138.
Self-Rated Pubertal Development,Depressive Symptoms and Delinquency: Measurement Issues and Moderation by Gender and Maltreatment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sonya Negriff Michelle T. Fung Penelope K. Trickett 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2008,37(6):736-746
This cross-sectional study examined relationships between pubertal development, depressive symptoms and delinquency in a sample
of 241 males and 213 females aged 9–13 years. Four objectives were set forth for this study: (1) to examine relationships
between pubertal stage or timing and depressive symptoms and delinquency; (2) to compare continuous and categorical measures
of pubertal timing; (3) to examine gender as a moderator of these relationships, and (4) to examine maltreatment as a moderator
of these relationships. Results indicated that mature pubertal stage and early (continuous) pubertal timing were both related
to higher delinquency whereas only early pubertal timing was related to depressive symptoms. Categorical timing was not related
to depressive symptoms or delinquency. Neither gender nor maltreatment were found to be moderators. These findings provide
evidence against equating pubertal stage, continuous timing, and categorical timing, and highlight the need to identify possible
moderators in research on pubertal development.
相似文献
Penelope K. TrickettEmail: |
139.
Suicide is an important public health problem in China: It is the fifth leading cause of death in China, and suicide in China accounts for over 30% of the world's overall suicide deaths. The substantial burden due to suicide has not been well recognized. This study aims to provide an estimate of the socioeconomic burden of the suicide problem in China in terms of years of life lost (YLL) and to discuss its implications. Suicide rates and the related YLL by age, gender, and region (urban/rural) from 1990 to 2000 were estimated using the most recent data from the Ministry of Health of China. The suicide rate in rural China was three times higher than that in urban areas. Suicide completers in rural areas shared 90% of total YLL. Rural women aged 25-39 years contributed the largest share of YLL. Our results show that some population subgroups contributed a disproportionate share to the disease burden of suicide. National strategies for suicide prevention should include targeted programs in catering the need of these specified subgroups in China. 相似文献
140.
The role of communication in public administration has been emphasized over time in public administration theory. Nonetheless, communication—with the exception of political communication—has been neglected in scholarship. Garnett's performance predicament posits the difficulty of showing linkages between communication and performance. This paper explores the role that communication plays in achieving organizational performance through a review of research that bears on communication's direct and indirect influences on performance. The primary thrust is communication's indirect role in achieving performance by mediating or moderating the effects of organizational culture on performance, thereby adding another perspective on the culture–performance relationship. Adapting the typology of Zammuto and Krakower, two types of organizational culture—rule-oriented culture and mission-oriented culture—are examined to explore how the relationship between organizational culture and organizational performance is influenced by communication. The analysis supports the claim that communication acts as a meta-mechanism for shaping and imparting culture in mission-oriented organizational cultures, thereby influencing performance. In particular, task orientation, feedback, and upward communication have positive effects on perceived organizational performance in mission-oriented organizations but potentially negative effects on performance in rule-oriented cultures. 相似文献