加利福尼亚淘金热：一项关于产权出现的研究

导论 在过往的两千多年里，政治哲学家、历史学家、人类学家以及社会学家已经完成了对于私有产权形成问题的解答。最近以来，经济学家也加入了探索这个问题的行列。本文所表达的是我自己对这个问题的看法，但愿读者会认为，此项研究对于理解一个复杂的问题来说，是一个理论上的推进。     

From France-action-China

Ladies, Gentlemen, Thank you for your notification of the 40th anniversary of the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries and your recognition of the work we have done together to bring closer the People's Republic of China and France.     

Litigation: a threat to obstetric practice?

Claims that the practice of obstetrics is in crisis appear regularly in the media, but evidence for the claims is scarce. This article examines a range of evidence from Australia and overseas and explores the relationship between obstetric practice and litigation. While anecdotal evidence abounds, there is no hard evidence to confirm that litigation is the threat to obstetric practice that many practitioners strongly believe it is. It is likely that such practitioners respond by practising defensive medicine but this is very difficult to measure.     

HIV study among pregnant Aboriginal women raises concerns

An unlinked HIV seroprevalence study among pregnant Aboriginal women in BC reveals an alarming trend and raises ethical questions about certain types of research in Aboriginal communities.     

Barcelona 2002: law, ethics, and human rights. The need for harm-reduction approaches in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union

In a region where HIV is spread primarily by injection drug use, harm-reduction strategies must be the mainstay of prevention efforts. In her plenary presentation to the XIV International Conference on AIDS on 9 July 2002, Kasia Malinowska-Sempruch asserts that if the world does not turn its attention to the emerging and exploding epidemic in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, the region will suffer the same fate as Africa. The presentation explains that while their economies continue to struggle, the countries in the region have seen their public health systems crumble in the face of the twin health crises of injection drug use and HIV infection. The presentation demonstrates how current repressive laws and practices with respect to drug use serve only to fuel the epidemic. It describes harm-reduction approaches (such as needle exchanges and drug-treatment programs) and provides examples of how NGOs in the region have been attempting to implement such approaches, often with little or no support from governments. Finally, the presentation outlines other measures required to respond to the epidemic in the region, including ensuring that people infected with HIV can access care, treatment, and support services.