The future of Fair Trade coffee: dilemmas facing Latin America's small-scale producers

Fair Trade has become a dynamic and successful dimension of an emerging counter-tendency to the neo-liberal globalisation regime. This study explores some of the dilemmas facing the Fair Trade movement as it seeks to broaden and deepen its impact among the rural poor of Latin America's coffee sector. We argue that the efforts to broaden Fair Trade's economic impact among poor, small-scale producers are creating challenges for deepening the political impact of a movement that is based on social justice and environmental sustainability. The study is based on two years' research and seven case studies of Mexican and Central American small-scale farmer cooperatives producing coffee for the Fair Trade market.     

Edmund Brandt/Hartmut Ga?ner: Seeanlagenverordnung

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

刑法的不得已性——中国话语下的刑法谦抑

在中国刑法的语境下，用“不得已”代替“谦抑”的提法比较合适。刑法的不得已是指刑罚对犯罪人的适用只能是为了保护更大多数人的权利而被迫剥夺犯罪人个人的基本权利。通过对人性、应然状态下的法律和刑法目的三个方面的分析，不得已性应该是刑法的根本属性。从实践上看，只有坚持不得已原则为指导，立法注入更多、更丰富的民主因素，司法符合常理、体现正义才是现代刑法危机的真正出路。