解读婚姻“身份危机”——来自同性婚姻的挑战

面对同性婚姻的挑战，西方社会对于婚姻制度的走向可以分为三种意识形态阵营，第一个阵营相信婚姻制度的毁灭也许是最好的选择方式，认为传统婚姻制度不能适应同性婚姻的需要；第二个阵营相信婚姻制度能够改变，认为如果接受同性恋婚姻将使婚姻制度转变得更有生命力和更加公平；第三个阵营喜欢婚姻制度保持现有状态，认为包容同性恋婚姻将会改变婚姻现行的显著特征并且最终毁灭婚姻。婚姻出现了“身份危机”，面对这种危机，作为中立的法律应该综合考虑婚姻法的道德复杂性及婚姻中的国家利益，在保证不违反国家利益的前提下，婚姻制度应该接受多元化，进一步走向宽容。     

社会主义新农村建设的实施机制

战略转型是社会主义新农村建设的前提条件,结构调整是社会主义新农村建设的核心内容,要将实施机制纳入到统一的经济发展战略转型和结构调整中,探讨各方主体在新农村建设中的利益均衡、激励相容的机制。     

我国外交的"思想库"

"思想库"又称"智囊团"或"智库",是决策体系的一个组成部分,也是决策过程中的一个重要环节,其重要性是不言而喻的."思想库"是研究群体的总称,本文只涉及我国总体外交中的咨询机构"思想库".     

Development of a specific fragment pattern-based quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry method to screen adulterated products of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors and their analogues

Recently, adulterated supplements with phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE-5i) have frequently observed. New synthetic analogues obtained from the chemical modification of parent compounds are frequently found in illicit products despite continuous efforts to inspect for these adulterants. A rapid and accurate method based on quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry was developed for simultaneously confirming and quantifying 85 PDE-5i and derived analogues present in illicit products for erectile dysfunction (ED). Common ions of PDE-5i according to their similar structures were proposed based on MS/MS fragmentations. These common ions could be an important diagnosis of their presence targets or new emerging analogues in supplements. Several validation parameters were employed, resulting in a limit of detection and quantification of 0.09–8.55 ng/mL and 0.24–17.10 ng/mL, respectively. The linear correlation coefficient (r²) was higher than 0.995, and mean recoveries of target compounds were in the range of 82–118%. A total of 187 illicit products, obtained from on/offline markets over a period of 3 years (2015–2017), were screened by the established method. Approximately 53% of them were adulterated with PDE-5i or derived analogues at concentrations of 0.1–726.0 mg/g in the illicit products. In the interests of public health, this study describes a rapid and accurate method to determine PDE-5i and new emerging analogues in adulterated products.     

Identifying core topics in technology and innovation management studies: a topic model approach

The study of technology and innovation management (TIM) has continued to evolve and expand with great speed over the last three decades. This research aims to identify core topics in TIM studies and explore their dynamic changes. The conventional approach, based on discrete assignments by subjective judgment with predetermined categories, cannot effectively capture latent topics from large volumes of scholarly data. Hence, this study adopts the topic model approach, which automatically discovers topics that pervade a large and unstructured collection of documents, to uncover research topics in TIM research. The 50 topics of TIM research are identified through the Latent Dirichlet Allocation model from 11,693 articles published from 1997 to 2016 in 11 TIM journals, and top 10 most popular topics in TIM research are briefly reviewed. We then explore topic trends by examining the changes in topics rankings over different time periods and identifying hot and cold topics of TIM research over the last two decades. For each of the 11 TIM journals, the areas of subspecialty and the effects of editor changes on topic portfolios are also investigated. The findings of this study are expected to provide implications for researchers, journal editors, and policy makers in the field of TIM.     

Same Routines,Different Effects: Gender,Leisure, and Young Offending

The current study seeks to extend routine activity theory by examining how gender conditions the relationship between leisure activities and adolescent delinquency. Using OLS regression with a sample of high school students from Toronto (n = 2,209), we find that (1) engaging in more unstructured and unsupervised activities with peers is associated with delinquency more strongly for boys than for girls, but is associated with substance use equally across gender; (2) this pattern is likely due to gender differences in the locations or contexts of leisure activities; and (3) prosocial leisure activities are associated with less delinquency only for boys. In general, routine activity theory appears apt at explaining the substance use of boys and girls, but is less capable of explaining the property and violent offending of girls. We discuss our findings and their implications for the growing body of research extending routine activity theory to explain gender differences in delinquency.     

Children's Lie-Telling to Conceal a Parent's Transgression: Legal Implications

Children's lie-telling behavior to conceal the transgression of a parent was examined in 2 experiments. In Experiment 1 (N = 137), parents broke a puppet and told their children (3-11-year-olds) not to tell anyone. Children answered questions about the event. Children's moral understanding of truth- and lie-telling was assessed by a second interviewer and the children then promised to tell the truth (simulating court competence examination procedures). Children were again questioned about what happened to the puppet. Regardless of whether the interview was conducted with their parent absent or present, most children told the truth about their parents' transgression. When the likelihood of the child being blamed for the transgression was reduced, significantly more children lied. There was a significant, yet limited, relation between children's lie-telling behavior and their moral understanding of lie- or truth-telling. Further, after children were questioned about issues concerning truth- and lie-telling and asked to promise to tell the truth, significantly more children told the truth about their parents' transgression. Experiment 2 (N = 64) replicated these findings, with children who were questioned about lies and who then promised to tell the 'truth more likely to tell the truth in a second interview than children who did not participate in this procedure before questioning. Implications for the justice system are discussed.     

独立董事制度的法律环境约束——以民事赔偿诉讼制度完善为例

现行法律制度强化了独立董事的民事法律责任,但法律重在落实,完善独立董事制度的外部环境,还应加强相关民事赔偿诉讼制度的建设。如:放宽对前置程序的要求保障证券投资者民事索赔权;适用有限制的判决扩张,加大对不法行为人的惩罚力度;完善派生诉讼条件规定,增强股东提起派生诉讼的可操作性;尝试建立公益诉讼机制,强化诉讼动机。实行这些措施必将强化法律责任对独立董事行为的约束,强化独立董事制度在我国的运用效果。     

Post-mortem changes in calmodulin binding proteins in muscle and lung

Estimation of post-mortem interval (PMI) remains an elusive issue in forensic investigations. In this study, we examined the possible use of calmodulin (CaM) binding proteins (CaMBPs) as indicators of PMI. Whole CaMBP populations from homogenized rat lung and rat skeletal muscle removed at 0, 24, 48 and 96 h post-mortem at 21 degrees C were detected by the calmodulin binding overlay technique (CaMBOT) using 35S-VU1-CaM and visualized by autoradiography. CaMBOT showed that, in both tissues, the CaMBP population remained relatively stable for up to 96 h post-mortem with the exception of a single approximately 200 kDa CaMBP that increased in 24 h post-mortem samples then showed decreasing amounts at subsequent times. Immunoblot analysis of the specific CaMBPs, Ca(2+)/CaM-dependent kinase II (CaMKII), calcineurin A (CNA), myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were done on lung tissue samples. CaMKII levels did not change appreciably over the 96 h PMI examined. In contrast to iNOS levels, which varied from sample to sample, CNA and MARCKS showed predictable patterns of change: the level of MARCKS decreased steadily in the 0-96 h post-mortem lung samples while CNA underwent a shift in mobility on SDS-PAGE by 24 h post-mortem before slowly decreasing in amount. The stability of CaMKII levels over 96 h was also seen in skeletal muscle tissue while CNA showed variable levels at 0, 48 and 96 h with the presence of the rapidly migrating band at 24 h. These patterns of change in CaMBPs provide some insight into the post-mortem changes in calmodulin-mediated signaling components in lung and skeletal muscle and support the further study of CNA and CaMKII as potential markers for estimating short- and long-term PMIs.     

对全面建设小康社会的理论认识

全面建设小康社会的核心思想是发展以民生为本。其理论创新在于建立有中国特色的充分体现人的全面自由发展的社会发展模式 ,体现在对邓小平“发展是硬道理”理念的深化和扩展上。