Children's Lie-Telling to Conceal a Parent's Transgression: Legal Implications

Children's lie-telling behavior to conceal the transgression of a parent was examined in 2 experiments. In Experiment 1 (N = 137), parents broke a puppet and told their children (3-11-year-olds) not to tell anyone. Children answered questions about the event. Children's moral understanding of truth- and lie-telling was assessed by a second interviewer and the children then promised to tell the truth (simulating court competence examination procedures). Children were again questioned about what happened to the puppet. Regardless of whether the interview was conducted with their parent absent or present, most children told the truth about their parents' transgression. When the likelihood of the child being blamed for the transgression was reduced, significantly more children lied. There was a significant, yet limited, relation between children's lie-telling behavior and their moral understanding of lie- or truth-telling. Further, after children were questioned about issues concerning truth- and lie-telling and asked to promise to tell the truth, significantly more children told the truth about their parents' transgression. Experiment 2 (N = 64) replicated these findings, with children who were questioned about lies and who then promised to tell the 'truth more likely to tell the truth in a second interview than children who did not participate in this procedure before questioning. Implications for the justice system are discussed.     

独立董事制度的法律环境约束——以民事赔偿诉讼制度完善为例

现行法律制度强化了独立董事的民事法律责任,但法律重在落实,完善独立董事制度的外部环境,还应加强相关民事赔偿诉讼制度的建设。如:放宽对前置程序的要求保障证券投资者民事索赔权;适用有限制的判决扩张,加大对不法行为人的惩罚力度;完善派生诉讼条件规定,增强股东提起派生诉讼的可操作性;尝试建立公益诉讼机制,强化诉讼动机。实行这些措施必将强化法律责任对独立董事行为的约束,强化独立董事制度在我国的运用效果。     

Post-mortem changes in calmodulin binding proteins in muscle and lung

Estimation of post-mortem interval (PMI) remains an elusive issue in forensic investigations. In this study, we examined the possible use of calmodulin (CaM) binding proteins (CaMBPs) as indicators of PMI. Whole CaMBP populations from homogenized rat lung and rat skeletal muscle removed at 0, 24, 48 and 96 h post-mortem at 21 degrees C were detected by the calmodulin binding overlay technique (CaMBOT) using 35S-VU1-CaM and visualized by autoradiography. CaMBOT showed that, in both tissues, the CaMBP population remained relatively stable for up to 96 h post-mortem with the exception of a single approximately 200 kDa CaMBP that increased in 24 h post-mortem samples then showed decreasing amounts at subsequent times. Immunoblot analysis of the specific CaMBPs, Ca(2+)/CaM-dependent kinase II (CaMKII), calcineurin A (CNA), myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were done on lung tissue samples. CaMKII levels did not change appreciably over the 96 h PMI examined. In contrast to iNOS levels, which varied from sample to sample, CNA and MARCKS showed predictable patterns of change: the level of MARCKS decreased steadily in the 0-96 h post-mortem lung samples while CNA underwent a shift in mobility on SDS-PAGE by 24 h post-mortem before slowly decreasing in amount. The stability of CaMKII levels over 96 h was also seen in skeletal muscle tissue while CNA showed variable levels at 0, 48 and 96 h with the presence of the rapidly migrating band at 24 h. These patterns of change in CaMBPs provide some insight into the post-mortem changes in calmodulin-mediated signaling components in lung and skeletal muscle and support the further study of CNA and CaMKII as potential markers for estimating short- and long-term PMIs.     

对全面建设小康社会的理论认识

全面建设小康社会的核心思想是发展以民生为本。其理论创新在于建立有中国特色的充分体现人的全面自由发展的社会发展模式 ,体现在对邓小平“发展是硬道理”理念的深化和扩展上。     

X-chromosome STR polymorphism of Luoba Ethnic Group living in Tibet (SW China)

Allele frequencies of 10 X-chromosome STR loci, namely DXS7133, DXS6789, DXS6804, DXS6799, DXS8378, DXS101, DXS7424, DXS7132, DXS7423 and HPRTB were determined from healthy unrelated males and female individuals of Luoba Ethnic Group living in Tibet (SW China).     

司法精神医学鉴定无精神病74例案例分析及随访

目的探讨司法精神医学鉴定中无精神病案例的特点及转归。方法对74例无精神病案例进行随访,并统计分析有关资料。结果无精神病案例占鉴定总数的5.7%。被鉴定人作案动机明确,自我保护良好,鉴定后“精神症状”消失。结论多因素综合分析有助于无精神病案例的司法鉴定,应特别注意精神分裂症早期症状的识别,防止误诊。     

论全球化背景下的社会主义文化创新

第二次世界大战后 ,人类历史加剧了经济全球化的速度与进程。我国在改革开放后 ,也加入了经济全球化的洪流。因此 ,我们讲社会主义文化创新 ,必须与中国现代化建设和经济全球化的背景联系起来。     

论国际上多样的非官方或非专职“警察”(上)

“入世”后 ,我们需要懂得国际上Police即“警察”(治安力量 )的多样性。将民间治安力量称之为警察是一些国家的历史传统。有些国家现在还有可以行使一定警察权的“辅助警察” ,在其他行政部门存在着有警察权的执法力量 ,一些行业单位也有自己的警察 ,保安业被称为“私人警察” ,民间治安组织已经成为社区治安的基本力量。“警察私人化”正成为国际警界的热门话题。21世纪将成为“人民治安”的新世纪 ,非官方的“警察”将空前发展。公安行业的全球化时代正在到来。     

论国际上多样的非官方或非专职"警察"(下)

（四）私人保安产业。违法犯罪的发展越来越超过官方专职警察实力的发展，是被称为“私人警察”的民间保安公司迅速发展的历史条件。保安公司是公安行业中进入市场的最具代表性的安全服务产业，在警力不济的地方，保安公司有着兴旺的市场。所以说，保安产业的发展程度，部分地代表着警方与犯罪的“实力差”。美国是保安公司的创始地，也是保安产业最发达的国家。１９世纪中叶，美国官方正规警察建立以后，并没有从根本上解决人民在治安方面的忧虑。１８５０年，曾经担任芝加哥警官的阿伦·平克顿毅然辞去了公职，创建了美国第一个私人保安公…     

论青少年价值观建设的专门化

社会利益主体的多元化格局和地区发展状况差异的扩大 ,以及青少年价值观的差异 ,为青少年价值观建设专门化提供了理论和现实依据。青少年价值观建设必须区分不同类型和层次 ,针对当前青少年价值观建设的误区 ,从理论和操作两个层面解决问题。