Some proposals for adapting federal-provincial financial agreements to current conditions

Abstract. This paper argues that the federal government should allow provincial governments to levy whatever tax rates they wish, to be applied to the taxbase of the federal personal income tax, and should agree to administer provincial tax credits and surcharges, adopted for the purpose of altering the incidence of provincial taxes. The federal government also should forego attempts to prevent all provincial tax inducements to industrial location, and seek agreement with the provinces OR a list of proscribed measures. Further, the federal government would be ill-advised to attempt to reassert direction over provincial medicare, hospital insurance and post-secondary education programs. The funding arrangements agreed to in 1977 should be continued until the broader issue of the division of functions between the two orders of government is clarified. The paper also argues that a new rationale for equalization payments and a new basis for their calculation should be adopted. The amount of a payment to a province should be determined solely by its real income per capita relative to that of the other provinces. Sommaire: L'auteur de cet exposé présente plusieurs suggestions. Ainsi, le gouvernement fédéral devrait autoriser les gouvernements provinciaux à fixer leurs taux d'impôt comme bon leur semble, taux qui seraient appliqués à l'assiette de l'impôt fédéral sur le revenu personnel, et qu'il devrait accepter d'administrer les surtaxes et créedits d'impôt provinciaux, adoptés dans le but de modifier l'incidence de ces impôts. Le gouvernement fédéral devrait aussi abandonner toute tentative de prohibition des encouragements fiscaux provinciaux destinés à stimuler l'implantation industrielle. Finalement, il devrait chercher à s'entendre avec les provinces sur une liste de mesures d'interdiction. De plus, le gouvernement fédéral serait ma1 venu d'essayer de réorienter l'assurance-maladie provinciale, l'assurance-hospitalisation et les programmes d'éducation post-secondaire. Les dispositions de financement prises en 1977 devraient rester en place jusqu’à ce que la question fondamentale de la division des fonctions entre les deux paliers de gouvernement soit éclaircie. L'auteur affirme également qu'il est nécessaire d'adopter une nouvelle base conceptuelle en ce qui concerne les paiements de péréquation et leur calcul. A son avis, le montant destiné a une province devrait être déterminé uniquement sur la base du revenu individuel réel, par rapport à celui des autres provinces.     

The use of Hemastix® severely reduces DNA recovery using the BioRobot® EZ1

Abstract: The choice of reagents for presumptive tests for blood, and subsequent extraction methodologies, can significantly affect both the quantity and quality of purified DNA. Blood samples directly tested with Hemastix^® yielded <1% of the DNA recovered from untested samples when purified using the Qiagen BioRobot^® EZ1 and EZ1^® DNA Investigator kit. Full short tandem repeat profiles were obtained from both tested and untested samples, suggesting that the Hemastix^® reagent(s) affect DNA binding, rather than produce DNA damage. The Hemastix^® inhibition of DNA yield could be overcome by the addition of MTL buffer to the sample prior to extraction. Laboratories may wish to modify current procedures for extracting blood samples, utilize other extraction/purification methodologies, or inform their submitting agencies to avoid direct exposure of questioned bloodstains to Hemastix^® reagents.     

Estimating the Duration of Jihadi Terror Plots in the United States

The number of ongoing terror plots increases with the duration of time from plot initiation until plot execution or interdiction (whichever comes first), yet no estimate of the probability distribution governing terror plot duration has appeared in the open literature. To remedy this gap, jihadi terror plots in the United States were identified from terrorism-related indictments that occurred between 11 September 2001 and 30 June 2011 in addition to successful attacks. From a review of indictments, affidavits, and other publicly available information, it was possible to identify lower and upper bounds for the initiation date of the plot in question as well as the ending date corresponding to either the arrest of the suspect(s) eventually convicted or an attempted/actual act of terror. These observations enable estimation of the duration distribution of jihadi terror plots in the United States accounting for the censoring and truncation effects inherent with these data (technical details appear in the Appendix). The estimated mean plot duration equals 270 days (standard error of mean 40 days), while 95 percent of all plots are estimated to fall between 33 and 750 days. These estimates suggest that on average, approximately three ongoing terror plots have been active in the United States at any point since 11 September 2001.     

The psychodynamics of terrorism

This article deals with some of the psychodynamics of terrorism. The act of terrorism, the use of force to produce a fearful state of mind, is discussed with the distinctions drawn between target and victim, demands and aims. Those involved in the terrorist act include the terrorist, the victim, the target, and the audience. Topics dealt with include terrorism as the pursuit of the absolute end, as a response to lack of self‐esteem, as a promotion of a renewed sense of masculinity, as a reaction‐formation to positive feelings toward the target, and as a kind of symbol‐magic or sacrament of violence. Recommendations for dealing with acts of terrorism are included. This article will appear in a forthcoming book.