Immigrant and Ethnic Minority Representation in Europe: Conceptual Challenges and Theoretical Approaches

This article introduces the symposium on the representation of immigrant-origin and ethnic minorities in Europe. It argues for the importance of research on this topic, noting the large, established populations of immigrant-origin citizens and their descendants across Western European countries and these minorities’ underrepresentation in elected bodies. Current research gaps concern both empirical knowledge and the theoretical conceptualisation of immigrant and ethnic minority political involvement. The article argues that existing research on representation needs to be extended to suit the cases of immigrants and ethnic minorities. It ends by providing a brief overview of each contribution to the symposium.     

Case note: a first experience with sea reporting

The City of Boca Raton, Florida has begun experimentation with Service Efforts and Accomplishments reporting. Sanitation was the focus because the department had been selected to participate in the City's detailed operations review for the annual reporting period. This paper describes the City's project, discusses the impact, and identifies lessons learned through the City's first attempt at SEA reporting. Although challenging, the City considers this initial effort a success and plans to continue experimentation.     

Male and Female Suicide Bombers: Different Sexes,Different Reasons?

This article analyzes the motivations and recruitment of female suicide terrorists. Biographical accounts of 30 female and 30 male suicide terrorists were coded for method of recruitment, motivation for attack, and outcome of attack. A log-linear analysis found that female suicide terrorists were motivated more by Personal events, whereas males were motivated more by Religious/nationalistic factors. Females were equally likely as males to be recruited through peer influence, exploitation, or self promotion, whereas males were more likely to be recruited as a result of religious persuasion. The results highlight the need for continued research into female terrorism.     

Ties that bind? The rise and decline of ethno-regional partisanship in Malawi, 1994–2009

In the first three elections following Malawi's return to democracy in 1993, voting patterns displayed a clear ethno-regional pattern. Then in 2009 the regional pattern broke down in dramatic fashion, with the incumbent President, Bingu wa Mutharika, attracting majority support across all three regions. This article first examines whether ethnic identities were at the root of Malawi's ethno-regional electoral pattern. Our tests show that while ethnic identities were associated with partisan attachments in some areas, regional patterns were more consistently related to other factors, particularly views of the government's performance and the inclusiveness of the ruling party. We then examine the breakdown of the regional pattern, drawing on trend analysis of public opinion data from 1999 to 2008. We show that by 2009 the majority of Malawians in all three regions had come to hold positive views of Mutharika's performance and had come to see his government as inclusive. We conclude, therefore, that shifts in patterns of partisanship had more to do with political factors – Mutharika's symbolic and substantive policies during this first term – than ethnic identities. Malawi reminds us that incumbents, when faced with incentives to construct multi-ethnic support bases, can use the power of the state to reach out across ethnic political boundaries and re-order supposedly entrenched patterns of partisanship.     

Mortgaging the future

STUDENT WORKBOOK AS LAW: SOURCES OF LAW AND LAW MAKING By Chris Turner and Leon Riley [Philip Allan, 2006, 52 pp., £3.50 (paperback)]

A LEVEL LAW REVIEW [Philip Allan, Vol. 1, Nos. 1–3, 2005–6, £19.95 for 3 issues]

THE ENGLISH LEGAL SYSTEM By Jacqueline Martin [Key Facts series, Hodder Arnold, 2005, 2nd edn., 132 pp., £5.99 (paperback)]

TORT By Chris Turner [Key Facts series, Hodder Arnold, 2005, 2nd edn., 140 pp., £5.99 (paperback)]

CONTRACT LAW By Chris Turner [Key Facts series, Hodder Arnold, 2005, 2nd edn., 131 pp., £5.99 (paperback)]

CONTRACT LAW By Robert Duxbury [Nutshells, Sweet &; Maxwell, 2006, 7th edn., 162 pp., £7.00 (paperback)]

AS LAW By Catherine Elliott and Frances Quinn [Pearson, 2006, 3rd edn., xxviii + 642 pp., £21.99 (paperback)]

CHILDREN: THE MODERN LAW By Andrew Bainham [Jordan Publishing Ltd, 2005, 3rd edn., 811 pp., £30.00 (paperback)]

HUMAN RIGHTS LAW By Merris Amos [Hart Publishing, 2006, 1st edn., 503 pp., £22.00 (paperback)]

CRIME AND JUSTICE: 1750–1950 By Barry Godfrey and Paul Lawrence [Willan Publishing, 2005, xi + 208 pp., £40.00 (hardback) £17.99 (paperback)]

CRIMINAL JUSTICE: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM IN ENGLAND AND WALES By M. Davies, H Croall and J. Tyrer [Pearson Education Ltd, 2005, 3rd edn., 477 pp., £25.99 (paperback)]

A FAIR HEARING? ETHNIC MINORITIES IN THE CRIMINAL COURTS By Stephen Shute, Roger Hood and Florence Seemungal (eds.) [Willan Publishing, 2005, 160 pp., £35.00 (hardback)]

PRISON READINGS: A CRITICAL INTRODUCTION TO PRISONS AND IMPRISONMENT By Yvonne Jewkes and Helen Johnston [Willan Publishing, 2006, xi + 305 pp., £50 (hardback); £24 (paperback)]

CAPTURED BY THE MEDIA: PRISON DISCOURSE IN POPULAR CULTURE EDITED By Paul Mason [Willan Publishing, 2006, 240 pp., £40.00 (hardback) £18.99 (paperback)]

TRANSFORMING INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE, RETRIBUTIVE AND RESTORATIVE JUSTICE IN THE TRIAL PROCESS By Mark Findlay and Ralph Henham [Willan Publishing, 2005, 391 pp., £40.00 (hardback)]

WARRANTIES IN MARINE INSURANCE By Baris Soyer [Cavendish Publishing Limited, 2nd edn., 2005, 312 pp., £90.00 (hardback)]

A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO CIVIL LITIGATION By Robert Hill, Helen Wood and Suzanne Fine [Jordans, 2005, 2nd edn., 591 pp., £45 (paperback)]

TRUSTS AND EQUITY By Gary Watt [Oxford University Press, 2006, 2nd edn., 559 pp., £27.99 (paperback)]

TRUSTS TEXTBOOK By Gary Watt [Oxford University Press, 2006, 2nd edn., 459 pp., £26.99 (paperback)]

PRINCIPLES OF CORPORATE INSOLVENCY LAW By Roy Goode [Sweet &; Maxwell, 2005, 3rd edn., 673 pp., £40.00 (paperback)]

LAND LAW By Diane Chappelle [Pearson Longman, 2006, 7th edn., 505 pp., £30.99 (paperback)]

MODERN LAND LAW By Martin Dixon [Cavendish Publishing, 2005, 5th edn., 456 pp., £27.95 (paperback)]

ENVIRONMENTAL LAW By S. Bell &; D. McGillivray [Oxford University Press, 2006, 6th edn., 978 pp., £27.99 (paperback)]

SPORTS LAW By Simon Gardiner et al. [Cavendish Publishing, 2006, 3rd edn., 724 pp., £39.00 (paperback)]     

Sibling Proactive and Reactive Aggression in Adolescence

We describe sibling proactive and reactive aggression in middle and late adolescence. Participants were 8th (n?=?303, M _age?=?13.74 years, SD?=?.59) and 12th (n?=?300, M _age?=?17.73 years, SD?=?.56) grade adolescents who completed an in-school survey. Findings revealed that these adolescents were significantly more likely to engage in reactive than proactive aggression with their closest-aged sibling. However, 8th grade adolescents reported greater aggression toward their closest-aged sibling than did 12th grade adolescents. In addition, sex composition of the sibling dyad moderated the association between sibling relationship quality (i.e., warmth and rivalry) and both proactive and reactive aggression indicating unique links for brother-brother and older sister-younger brother pairs.     

Implications for DNA identification arising from an analysis of Australian forensic databases

Previous analyses of Australian samples have suggested that populations of the same broad racial group (Caucasian, Asian, Aboriginal) tend to be genetically similar across states. This suggests that a single national Australian database for each such group may be feasible, which would greatly facilitate casework. We have investigated samples drawn from each of these groups in different Australian states, and have quantified the genetic homogeneity across states within each racial group in terms of the "coancestry coefficient" F(ST). In accord with earlier results, we find that F(ST) values, as estimated from these data, are very small for Caucasians and Asians, usually <0.5%. We find that "declared" Aborigines (which includes many with partly Aboriginal genetic heritage) are also genetically similar across states, although they display some differentiation from a "pure" Aboriginal population (almost entirely of Aboriginal genetic heritage).     

Trust, Distrust and Betrayal: A Social Housing Case Study

This paper discusses the importance of trust, distrust and betrayal in the context of relational contracts in the modern welfare state. We use a specific case study of the allocation of social housing. That context is one in which the local authority has statutory obligations towards households in housing need but limited ability to fulfil those obligations without reliance on other social housing providers, specifically registered social landlords. Relationships between providers are, in theory, negotiated through nominations agreements. In this paper, we draw on data from a research project concerned with 'problematic nominations' to illustrate the production of trust, distrust and betrayal. Our analysis is structured by reference to three frameworks for the production of trust: characteristic-based, process-based and institutional based trust.