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241.
Jennifer E. Lansford Ley A. Killeya-Jones Shari Miller Philip R. Costanzo 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(8):1084-1095
Sociometric nominations, social cognitive maps, and self-report questionnaires were completed in consecutive years by 327
students (56% girls) followed longitudinally from grade 7 to grade 8 to examine the stability of social standing in peer groups
and correlates of changes in social standing. Social preference, perceived popularity, network centrality, and leadership
were moderately stable from grade 7 to grade 8. Alcohol use and relational aggression in grade 7 predicted changes in social
preference and centrality, respectively, between grade 7 and grade 8, but these effects were moderated by gender and ethnicity.
Changes in social standing from grade 7 to grade 8 were unrelated to grade 8 physical aggression, relational aggression, and
alcohol use after controlling for the grade 7 corollaries of these behaviors. Results are discussed in terms of their implications
for understanding links between social standing and problem behaviors during adolescence.
相似文献
Jennifer E. LansfordEmail: |
242.
Elisabetta Crocetti Theo Klimstra Loes Keijsers William W. HaleIII Wim Meeus 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(6):839-849
The aim of this five-wave longitudinal study was to investigate the relationship between anxiety and adolescent identity development.
Participants were 1,313 adolescents who annually completed measures of anxiety and identity. Growth Mixture Modeling (GMM)
analyses demonstrated that the adolescent population was best typified by two latent growth trajectory classes: a low anxiety class (n = 1,199) characterized by a low initial level of anxiety that decreased over time and a high anxiety class (n = 114) characterized by a higher initial level of anxiety that increased over time. To answer our research question, we tested
a model in which the anxiety classes predicted initial levels and rates of change of three identity dimensions: commitment,
in-depth exploration, and reconsideration of commitment. Findings indicated that the high anxiety adolescents displayed a
more troublesome identity development than their low anxiety peers, since their commitments became weaker with age, and they
reconsidered them intensively.
Elisabetta Crocetti is a post-doctoral researcher of the University of Macerata. She received her Ph.D. in Educational Sciences from the University of Macerata. Theo Klimstra is a doctoral student at the Research Centre Adolescent Development of Utrecht University. Loes Keijsers is a doctoral student at the Research Centre Adolescent Development of Utrecht University. William W. Hale III is Assistant Professor at the Research Centre Adolescent Development, Utrecht University. He received his Ph.D. at the Department of Biological Psychiatry, University of Groningen. Wim Meeus is Professor of Adolescent Development and chair of the Research Centre Adolescent Development of Utrecht University. He received his Ph.D. in Social Psychology from the Utrecht University. 相似文献
Wim MeeusEmail: |
Elisabetta Crocetti is a post-doctoral researcher of the University of Macerata. She received her Ph.D. in Educational Sciences from the University of Macerata. Theo Klimstra is a doctoral student at the Research Centre Adolescent Development of Utrecht University. Loes Keijsers is a doctoral student at the Research Centre Adolescent Development of Utrecht University. William W. Hale III is Assistant Professor at the Research Centre Adolescent Development, Utrecht University. He received his Ph.D. at the Department of Biological Psychiatry, University of Groningen. Wim Meeus is Professor of Adolescent Development and chair of the Research Centre Adolescent Development of Utrecht University. He received his Ph.D. in Social Psychology from the Utrecht University. 相似文献
243.
Sharon F. Lambert Keith C. Herman Mia Smith Bynum Nicholas S. Ialongo 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(4):519-531
Experiences with racism are a common occurrence for African American youth and may result in negative self perceptions relevant
for the experience of depressive symptoms. This study examined the longitudinal association between perceptions of racism
and depressive symptoms, and whether perceived academic or social control mediated this association, in a community epidemiologically-defined
sample of urban African American adolescents (N = 500; 46.4% female). Structural equation modeling revealed that experiences with racism were associated with low perceived
academic control, which in turn was associated with increased depressive symptoms. Findings suggest that experiences with
racism can have long lasting effects for African American youth’s depressive symptoms, and highlight the detrimental effects
of experiences with racism for perceptions of control in the academic domain. Implications for intervention are discussed.
相似文献
Sharon F. LambertEmail: |
244.
The current cross-sectional study investigated the links between various dimensions of organized activity involvement and
depressive symptoms, loneliness, and peer victimization in an ethnically and economically diverse sample of adolescents (N = 152; 58% female). Results indicate that adolescents who were involved in organized activities for more years also reported
lower levels of loneliness. There was evidence of diminishing returns when adolescents were very highly involved in organized
activities; those who were either under- or over-involved reported the highest levels of depressive symptoms. Conversely,
findings indicate that adolescents who participated in a narrow or wide range of activity contexts reported the lowest levels
of depressive symptoms. In addition, results suggested that the relation between organized activity involvement and adjustment
differs among adolescents from diverse ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds. Findings from the current study also underscore
the importance of considering multiple indices of activity involvement when assessing its association with adjustment.
相似文献
Edin T. RandallEmail: |
245.
Growth curve analyses were used to investigate parents’ and peers’ influence on adolescents’ choice to abstain from antisocial
behavior in a community-based sample of 416 early adolescents living in the Southeastern United States. Participants were
primarily European American (91%) and 51% were girls. Both parents and peers were important influences on the choice to abstain
from antisocial behavior. Over the four-year period adolescents relied increasingly on parents as influences and relied less
on peers as influences to deter antisocial behavior. Significant gender differences emerged and suggested that female adolescents
relied more on social influences than did male adolescents but that as time progressed male adolescents increased the rate
at which they relied on peers. Higher family income was associated with choosing peers as a social influence at wave 1, but
no other significant income associations were found. Understanding influences on adolescents’ abstinence choices is important
for preventing antisocial behavior.
Emily C. Cook is in her final year of doctoral studies in human development and family studies at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Her research interests include peer influences and parental influences on adolescents’ problem behaviors, parental influences on adolescents’ social development, and effective prevention and interventions for adolescents who exhibit problem behaviors. Cheryl Buehler is a professor of human development and family studies at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Her research interests include marital conflict, marital relations, parenting, and adolescent well-being. Robert Henson is an assistant professor of educational research methodology at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Dr. Henson’s research interests include educational measurement, cognitive diagnosis models, hierarchical linear models, and mathematical statistics. 相似文献
Emily C. CookEmail: |
Emily C. Cook is in her final year of doctoral studies in human development and family studies at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Her research interests include peer influences and parental influences on adolescents’ problem behaviors, parental influences on adolescents’ social development, and effective prevention and interventions for adolescents who exhibit problem behaviors. Cheryl Buehler is a professor of human development and family studies at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Her research interests include marital conflict, marital relations, parenting, and adolescent well-being. Robert Henson is an assistant professor of educational research methodology at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Dr. Henson’s research interests include educational measurement, cognitive diagnosis models, hierarchical linear models, and mathematical statistics. 相似文献
246.
Lisa Kiang Terry D. Blumenthal Erika N. Carlson Yolanda N. Lawson J. Clark Shell 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(2):164-174
Physiologic reactivity to racially rejecting images was assessed in 35 young adults (10 males, 25 female) from African-American
backgrounds using the startle probe paradigm. In a laboratory setting, participants viewed 16 images depicting racial rejection,
racial acceptance, nonracial negative, and nonracial positive themes. While viewing these images, startling bursts of noise
were presented and the magnitude of the eyeblink responses were measured. Results supported an attentional mechanism which
suggests that, while viewing both racially rejecting and nonracial positive images, individuals may be so absorbed in processing
the images that they appear less distracted by the startling noise. However, these patterns were only found for participants
low in racial regard. Young adults who felt positively about their racial background did not exhibit differential processing
of startle stimuli as a function of slide themes. Race-rejection sensitivity did not moderate startle reactivity. Developmental
implications, particularly in light of coping with racial discrimination, are discussed.
相似文献
Lisa KiangEmail: |
247.
This research analyzes the individual-level factors associated with public support for the private provision of public goods and services. Given that privatization requires the transfer of authority from public to private entities, we argue that beliefs about private companies are an important and overlooked source of heterogeneity in explaining public policy preferences toward privatization. We test this expectation using survey data from the 2014 Cooperative Congressional Election Study. We find that support for privatization is associated with positive beliefs about the motivation of private companies and with favorable views about corporate accountability relative to the accountability of government. Opposition to privatization is associated with beliefs about corporate influence in politics. Preferences for limited government are also associated with support for privatization. These results highlight the potential for beliefs about private companies to serve as a group heuristic in political reasoning and the ability of citizens to make reasoned choices on complex public policy issues. 相似文献
248.
The Laboratory for Analytic Sciences (LAS) at North Carolina State University, funded by the National Security Agency, is a collaborative, long-term research enterprise focused on improving intelligence analysis using Big Data. In its work, LAS has recently begun dealing with the trade-off between the collection, storage, and use of large unclassified data-sets and analyst privacy. We discuss particular privacy challenges at LAS, analyze privacy principles in the life cycle of LAS unclassified data-sets, what intelligence analysts themselves think about these privacy concerns, and recommend possible best practices potentially applicable to LAS, as well as future Big Data laboratories and research centers that collaborate with intelligence communities. 相似文献
249.
Supreme Court confirmation hearings have been famously called a “vapid and hollow charade” by Elena Kagan. Indeed, perceptions of nominees’ refusal to answer questions about pending cases, prominent political issues, or give any hint of their ideological leanings have become a cornerstone of the modern confirmation process. We investigate the extent to which this reticence to speak of their ideological views, or candor, influences how individuals evaluate the nominee. To this end, we present the results of a survey experiment which examines how support for a hypothetical Supreme Court nominee is affected by information, especially when a nominee is presented to be very forthright or very reticent in answering ideological questions during the confirmation hearings. We find that while partisan compatibility with the president is the main determinant of support for a nominee, nominees who refuse to answer ideological questions can bolster support from respondents who would not support them on partisan grounds. We supplement these findings with observational state-level support data from real nominees over the last 40 years. 相似文献
250.
Research on negative campaigning has largely overlooked the role of stereotypes. In this study, we argue that the gender and partisan stereotypes associated with traits and policy issues interact with a candidate’s gender and partisanship to shape the effectiveness of campaign attacks. We draw on expectancy-violation theory to argue that candidates may be evaluated more harshly when attacks suggest the candidate has violated stereotypic assumptions about their group. Thus, attacks on a candidate’s “home turf,” or those traits or issues traditionally associated with their party or gender, may be more effective in reducing support for the attacked candidate. We use two survey experiments to examine the effects of stereotype-based attacks—a Trait Attack Study and an Issue Attack Study. The results suggest that female candidates are particularly vulnerable to trait based attacks that challenge stereotypically feminine strengths. Both male and female candidates proved vulnerable to attacks on policy issues stereotypically associated with their party and gender, but the negative effects of all forms of stereotype-based attacks were especially large for democratic women. Our results offer new insights into the use of stereotypes in negative campaigning and their consequences for the electoral fortunes of political candidates. 相似文献