In search of blood--detection of minute particles using spectroscopic methods

An examination protocol for rapid detection of remnants of blood particles on garments of suspects in bloody murder cases is described. Microparticles of blood are sampled along with fibres and hairs using the tape lifting method. The tapings are searched with a low power microscope for red particles with morphology similar to blood. Presumed blood traces are further examined using microspectrophotometry on the cut out piece of taping. The typical visible spectrum of haemoglobin is characteristic for blood. Alternatively Raman spectroscopy can be used to measure the characteristic vibrational spectrum of haemoglobin. At a later stage, these particles may be removed from the piece of taping in order to extract the blood and attempt to obtain a genetic profile.     

新生儿呼吸系统疾病死亡的法医病理学分析

目的分析和探讨呼吸系统疾病引起新生儿死亡的病理学特点,为法医学死亡原因鉴定和相关医疗纠纷鉴定提供科学依据。方法回顾性总结分析1993～2008年16年间攀枝花市公安局尸检档案中85例新生儿死亡案例。结果呼吸系统疾病是引起新生儿死亡的首要因素（共56例,占65.88%）,其中新生儿吸入性肺炎20例（23.53%）、新生儿感染性肺炎14例（16.47%）、新生儿窒息12例（14.12%）、新生儿肺透明膜病6例（7.59%）、新生儿肺出血4例（4.71%）。结论新生儿尸检应重视呼吸系统的检查,根据新生儿发病特点和肺部病理变化明确临床诊断和死亡原因。     

Death due to baclofen and dipyrone ingestion.

A fatal suicidal intoxication with unusual drugs is reported. A 56-year-old man was found dead in his house; near by the corpse several empty drugs boxes were found. An autopsy was performed and the biological fluids were submitted to a full toxicological work-up.The analytical results supported the hypothesis of a death due to the acute baclofen (4-amino-3-(p-chlorophenyl)butyric acid) and dipyrone (sodium [N-(1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenylpyrazolin-4-yl)-N-methylamino] methanesulfonate) intoxication.     

Daily Stress and Use of Aggressive Discipline by Parents during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Journal of Family Violence - To assess the relationship between stress throughout the day and aggressive discipline practices by parents during COVID-19 stay at home orders. For this study,...     

Les Acteurs non étatiques et la Politique Européenne de la Suisse

Les résultats principaux de cette recherche ont été obtenus, grâce à une enquête par questionnaire, auprès de 232 représentants de la société civile du pays. Les répondants sont favorables à l'adhésion à l'Union Européenne et à une intensification des échanges avec les pays d'Europe centrale et orientale. Par ailleurs, ils fustigent la timidité du gouvernement ou son absence de vision. Mais cette critique est tempérée par le fait que nos interlocuteurs sont conscients de la faible marge de manoeuvre des dirigeants du pays. En outre, les acteurs non étatiques ne manquent pas de souligner le dynamisme des opposants à l'Europe tandis qu'un sentiment d'apathie politique se dégage du côté patronal et des entreprises. Un autre élément concerne les moyens d'action officieux. Certes, les acteurs non étatiques n'ignorent nullement l'influence du processus formel en politique européenne. Toutefois, ils accordent une place très importante aux moyens d'action informels. Ainsi l'on peut mieux comprendre le rôle attribué aux dirigeants des associations socio-professionnelles, à la création des réseaux et à l'accès aux canaux d'influence.     

When Does Transparency Generate Legitimacy? Experimenting on a Context‐Bound Relationship

We analyze the main rationale for public administrations and political institutions for supplying transparency, namely, that it generates legitimacy for these institutions. First, we discuss different theories of decision making from which plausible causal mechanisms that may drive a link between transparency and legitimacy may be derived. We find that the common notion of a straightforward positive correlation is naïve and that transparency reforms are rather unpredictable phenomena. Second, we test the effect of transparency on procedure acceptance using vignette experiments of representative decision making in schools. We find that transparency can indeed generate legitimacy. Interestingly, however, the form need not be “fishbowl transparency,” with full openness of the decision‐making process. Decision makers may improve their legitimacy simply by justifying carefully afterward the decisions taken behind closed doors. Only when behavior close to a deliberative democratic ideal was displayed did openness of the process generate more legitimacy than closed‐door decision making with postdecisional justifications.     

诈骗罪疑难问题研究

以侵犯财产为目的的诈骗罪自古以来便存在,但直至今日我国刑法通说对于诈骗罪的理解仍有不明之处。"非法占有目的"虽然未在诈骗罪的构成要件中明确列出,但是却是诈骗罪中必不可少的主观要素构成要件;作为三角诈骗典型代表的诉讼诈骗行为只是诈骗罪的一种行为方式,应被认定为诈骗罪;对于电信诈骗,两高的司法解释明晰了其定罪量刑的依据,但在共犯认定问题上应以分赃时的具体情形为依据。     

A review of the evolution and state of transboundary freshwater treaties

Internationally shared basins supply 60 % of global freshwater supply, are home to about 1/3 of the world’s population, and are focal points for interstate conflict and, as importantly, cooperation. To manage these waters, states have developed a large set of formal treaties, but until now these treaties have been difficult to access and systematically assess. This paper presents and makes publicly available the assembly and organization of the largest known collection of transboundary water agreements in existence. We apply for the first time a “lineage” concept to differentiate between independent agreements and groups of legally related texts, spatially reference the texts to a global basin database, and identify agreement purposes, goals and a variety of content areas. The 688 agreements identified were signed between 1820 and 2007 and constitute 250 independent treaties which apply to 113 basins. While the scope and content varies widely, these treaties nominally govern almost 70 % of the world’s transboundary basin area. In terms of content, treaties have shifted from an earlier focus on regulation and development of water resources to the management of resources and the setting of frameworks for that management. While “traditional” issues such as hydropower, water allocation and irrigation are still important, the environment is now the most commonly mentioned issue in treaty texts. Treaties are also increasingly likely to include data and information sharing provisions, have conflict resolution mechanisms, and include mechanisms for participation beyond traditional nation-state actors. Generalizing, treaties have become more comprehensive over time, both in the issues they address and the tools they use to manage those issues cooperatively.     

A Molecular Method to Correlate Bloodstains with Wound Site for Crime Scene Reconstruction

Bloodstain pattern analysis to determine the wound‐of‐origin of bloodstains is problematic with nonspecific patterns. In this proof‐of‐concept study, the authors examined a molecular approach to correlate bloodstains with injuries using the rat as a model. Specifically, investigations were conducted on the rat brain marker, rno‐miR‐124‐3p, with the QIAGEN miScript System and real‐time PCR analysis. Rno‐miR‐124‐3p was detected in brain homogenates diluted 100,000 times; in 3‐week‐old, room temperature stored, simulated brain–blood stains; and in bloodstains from head gunshot wounds collected with swabs and subsequently frozen for 9–18 months; however, rno‐miR‐124‐3p was not detected in whole blood. Proof‐of‐principle was demonstrated by the ability to distinguish bloodstains from a gunshot wound to the head versus bloodstains from a gunshot wound to the chest, by the testing of otherwise identical bloodstains from the two patterns for the presence of the marker. The results suggest a viable approach to a longstanding problem in casework.