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201.
Latin American environmentalism: Comparative views 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Catherine Christen Selene Herculano Kathryn Hochstetler Renae Prell Marie Price J. Timmons Roberts 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》1998,33(2):58-87
This article examines three common generalizations from the literature on Latin American environmentalism. The validity of
these generalizations, structured as hypotheses, is tested with four case studies from Costa Rica, Mexico, Venezuela, and
Brazil. The first generalization is that tensions arise between international environmentalists principally concerned with
wildlands conservation and national environmentalists engaged in a broader array of local and domestic issues including urban
environmental quality and access to natural resources. The second is that environmental groups in Latin America are elitist
in structure and participant base. The third is that the particular tactics employed by environmentalists will be closely
tied to the relative openness of their nation’s political system. Through a cross-disciplinary case study approach we find
the first two hypotheses quickly break down upon closer inspection, while the third is supported. We suggest a modified framework
for interpreting environmental activism in the region, one that weights the role of the state as well as the competing strategies
employed by grassroots, private voluntary, and professionalized environmental groups. Latin American environmentalism is highly
diverse, presenting many faces in different time periods and different countries. Developing one general theory of environmentalism
in Latin America is impossible, but more specific categorizations of the middle range may be achievable. 相似文献
202.
Is In-Prison Treatment Enough? A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Prison-Based Treatment and Aftercare Services for Substance-Abusing Offenders 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Kathryn E. McCollister Michael T. French Michael Prendergast Harry Wexler Stan Sacks Elizabeth Hall 《Law & policy》2003,25(1):63-82
This study performed a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) of the Amity in-prison Therapeutic Community (TC) and Vista aftercare programs for criminal offenders in California. For the average treatment participant, the cost of treatment was $4,112, which led to approximately fifty-one fewer days incarcerated (36% less) than the average individual in the control group. This implies that, for the average offender, treatment reduced recidivism at a cost of $80 per incarceration day. For participants who received both in-prison treatment and aftercare services, an additional day of incarceration was avoided at a cost of $51 per day relative to those that received in-prison treatment only. 相似文献
203.
Kathryn Hendley 《Law & society review》2004,38(2):305-348
Russian firms are drowning in debt. Managers are increasingly turning to the courts for help. Drawing on a database of 100 non-payments cases decided by three courts in 2000, the article explores the parameters of this litigation and the motivations for filing lawsuits. The analysis shows that the docket is dominated by small-scale disputes between trading partners with short shared histories, suggesting that those who have long-term, trust-based relationships avoid the courts. Along with fear of disrupting ongoing relationships, the disinclination to use the courts is also motivated by a reluctance to open up transactions to state scrutiny. By contrast, the petty disputes that are brought to court tend to be simple and, therefore, managers are willing to risk exposure to the state. Indeed, in a world in which firms manipulate their financial records to create the impression of no income in order to avoid taxes (often putting bogus debts on the books), some of these managers bring cases even when there is little chance of recovering the debt because the decision provides convincing evidence to the tax authorities that the debt is bona fide. 相似文献
204.
Kathryn Meyer 《Crime, Law and Social Change》2001,36(3):327-352
During the Second World War Harbin was a major city in the puppet-state ofManzhouguo, the industrial heart of the Japanese war effort in East Asia.The Garden of Grand Vision was a flophouse complex located in the Chineseslums of Harbin. The 2,000 drug addicts, gamblers and prostitutes who madethe Garden their home were mostly migrants from North China who had fallenon hard times. In 1940 the Japanese police conducted a detailed survey oflife in the Garden, portraying it as a swamp of disorder and immorality.In contrast, this paper describes the residents of the Garden as theyvaliantly participated in a vigorous underground economy and arranged theirlives for survival. 相似文献
205.
Sandra A. Graham-Bermann Kathryn H. Howell Laura E. Miller Jean Kwek Michelle M. Lilly 《Journal of family violence》2010,25(4):383-392
Despite research on the effects of intimate partner violence (IPV) on children, little is known about its impact on cognitive
development. In this study, 87 preschool-aged children and their mothers exposed to IPV within the last two years participated
in interviews to ascertain verbal ability, history of violence, and exposure to trauma. When compared to a national sample
of 1,700 same-age children not evaluated for exposure to traumatic events, children exposed to IPV scored significantly lower
on verbal ability, as assessed with standardized measures. In order to understand variation in verbal ability, multiple regression
models were tested. Both prior exposure to traumatic events and the level of mother’s education were significant predictors
of verbal ability. However, level of education mediated the relationship between traumatic events and the child’s verbal ability. 相似文献
206.
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of attachment security and psychopathology in an adult sample of high-risk abuse survivors. Attachment security was conceptualized in terms of two underlying dimensions, the working models of self and other. A sample of 66 survivors of childhood maltreatment completed measures of abuse history, attachment style, and psychopathology. Results demonstrated a strong relationship between a negative view of self and reported psychopathology, regardless of whether attachment was conceptualized continuously or categorically. Findings also revealed that the association of negative view of self and psychopathology was much stronger than that of negative view of other and psychopathology. 相似文献
207.
208.
Kathryn P. Nelson 《Housing Policy Debate》2013,23(4):401-442
Abstract Shortfalls of low‐rent units are repeatedly cited as the rationale for programs to expand the supply of affordable housing. But the poverty‐level rents studied fall well below those of major supply programs. To reassess whether HOME and the low‐income housing tax credit (LIHTC) address actual shortfalls, this article compares numbers of units with renters by measuring both affordability and incomes with the median‐income‐based metric used for all federal rental programs. During the 1980s, there were growing surpluses of units affordable to renters with incomes between 50 and 80 percent of their area's median income, a “low‐income” range that includes most HOME and LIHTC rents. By contrast, shortages were severe and growing only at rents affordable to households with incomes below 30 percent of area median. Examination of these shortfalls and the problems they create implies that programs to expand supply are not widely needed. 相似文献
209.
210.