The politics of aboriginal self-government: A Canadian paradox

Abstract: This paper examines the failure and success of aboriginal self-government during the 1982–87 period by focusing on the constitutional talks, their impact on the federal and provincial governments, and the resultant activity of those governments. The paper begins with a brief account of the emergence of aboriginal self-government onto the constitutional table. The paper then analyses the consequences of the emphasis on constitutional change and the use of the first ministers' constitutional conferences for the development of aboriginal self-government. The paper reveals that this emphasis was bound to result in frustration and complication of the pursuit of aboriginal self-government in the constitutional arena. However, the paper concludes that the constitutional process wrought unintentional results that benefited aboriginal communities in Canada. The conferences served as a powerful inducement to the development of the issue in policy areas. Sommaire: Cette étude examine les échecs et les succès dans la recherche d'uii gouverne-ment autonome pour les peuples autochtones durant la période 1982–1987, en analysant principalement les débats constitutionnels, leurs répercussions sur les gouveniements fédéral et provinciaux et les activités qui en ont résulté parmi ces gouvernements. L'étude mon-tre dabord brièvement comment la question de I'autodéterminatioii des peuples autochtones est arrivée à la table des débats constitutionnels, pour ensuite analyser comment I'importance accordée aux changements constitutionnels et aux Conférences con-stitutionnelles des premiers ministres a influé sur I'autodétermination des autochtones. L'autenr révèle qu'en attachant tant d'importance aux changements constitiitioiinels, I'on ne pouvait clue créer des frustrations et des complications dans la recherche d'un gouverne-ment autochtone. Toutefois, elle conclut que le processus constitutionnel a eu indirecte-ment des résultats bénéfiques pour les communautés autochtones au Canada puisqiie les conférences ont puissamment favorisé le progrès de la question dais le domaine des politiques.     

Repositioning Equal Employment Opportunity

The importance of a central location for equal employment opportunity (EEO) units was once assumed. Now, under the influence of contemporary human resource management theory, broader possibilities are emerging.
In the light of these human resource developments, this article explores how a contemporary centralised EEO agency might interpret its objectives and operations.     

Conflict Management With Friends and Romantic Partners: The Role of Attachment and Negative Mood Regulation Expectancies

The degree to which attachment orientations are related to negative mood regulation expectancies and conflict management strategies with best friends and romantic partners was examined for a sample of late adolescent, female college students (N = 140). Correlational and multiple regression analyses yielded results that were generally consistent with theoretical expectations. Adolescents with more insecure attachment orientations were likely to report having difficulties managing conflict with attachment figures and had less confidence regulating negative mood than individuals who endorsed more secure orientations. In addition, more avoidant and ambivalent attachment orientations often predicted specific conflict management difficulties, and confidence in negative mood regulation partially mediated these associations. The results are discussed in relation to previous research on attachment theory and implications for interventions are offered.     

PLANNED INCAPACITY TO SUCCEED? POLICY-MAKING STRUCTURE AND POLICY FAILURE

Policies may fail in two analytically distinct ways: they may fail to achieve their goals, or they may fail to retain political support and be terminated. By failing to distinguish between ineffectiveness and political failure, the three most common interpretations of the War on Poverty and the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (failure owing to central government incompetence, failure owing to pluralism, and "hidden" success) cannot adequately account for the gap between their ambiguous performance and their clear political failure. To understand these differences, one must understand the effect of America's fragmented political structure on the design and implementation of poverty and unemployment remedies. Under resource constraints and given a large degree of policy discretion, American states in the aggregate have retained their historic resistance to social policies that would increase short-term expenditures and reduce the attractiveness of their business climate. These jurisdictions and their Congressional representatives opposed new fully nationalized initiatives, insisting on policy designs that promised fiscal relief while protecting state and local policy control. National policymakers found that grant-in-aid programs offered the path of least resistance in these circumstances. Although social policy grant programs could win initial approval in Congress, these designs proved to be increasingly unwieldy, expensive, and difficult to control in practice. The programs yielded ambiguous overall results but provided unambiguous examples of waste, fraud and abuse, fueling the perception of failure and contributing to the backlash against these programs and their political failure.     

The visualization and quantification of cell nuclei in telogen hair roots by fluorescence microscopy, as a pre-DNA analysis assessment

Although nuclear DNA-profiling of human hairs is a well-known technique in forensic investigations, its success rate is quite low. Because the extracted nuclear DNA (nuDNA) is scarce and often degraded, a simple and effective method was developed to estimate the number of cell nuclei in telogen roots. DAPI, a fluorescent, non-destructive DNA-stain, allows visualizing nuclear DNA and does not interfere with subsequent PCR analyses. After staining 3242 roots from 27 volunteers and subsequent STR-profiling of a selection of roots, we show that the amount of analysable nuDNA can be predicted. This screening method allows the genetic laboratory to analyse only the most promising hair roots.