论冯友兰的"文化三说"观

冯友兰是中国近现代史上著名的哲学家和哲学史家。他从中国文化和中国社会发展方向的前提出发，比较中西文化之间的差异，形成了关于文化问题和社会发展问题的一系列观点。他所提出的以“文化类型”说、“继往开来”说和“道统新续”说为内容的“文化三说”观，对于妥善处理中西文化冲突与融合过程中的时代性和民族性的关系，以及如何弘扬中国传统文化的精华与吸收外国文化的长处等问题，仍然具有积极的现实启迪意义。     

Irrational behavior in exposure to cold. Paradoxical undressing in hypothermia

One December morning the naked bodies of two alcoholics were found on an open place in the center of the city of Essen. The phenomenon of paradoxical undressing due to vital hypothermia is described and the significant influence of alcohol on hypothermia and confusion in connection with hypothermia is pointed out. Compared to the results of other authors, external and internal signs of lethal hypothermia were analysed in a retrospective series of 30 cases (autopsy material in the region of Essen, investigation period from 1979-1989).     

The effect of repeated questioning on children's accuracy and consistency in eyewitness testimony

Purpose. In police interviews children may be asked the same question many times. We investigated how the number of repetitions and the interval between those repetitions affected the accuracy and consistency of children's responses. Methods. 156 children aged 4–9 years watched a staged event and were interviewed individually 1 week later. Children were asked eight open‐ended questions, which were each repeated a further four times (making a total of forty questions). Half these open‐ended questions could be answered from information in the event, and half were unanswerable (so children should have said ‘don't know’ in response to these questions). The questions were repeated in gist form. The interval between an initial question and its repetitions was varied by use of other questions and twenty non‐repeated filler questions. The intervals between repetitions were immediate repetition, repetition after a delay of three intervening questions, after a delay of six intervening questions, and after ten or more intervening questions. Results. Over a quarter of children's responses to repeated questions changed, usually resulting in a decline in accuracy, particularly after the first repetition. Subsequently, the number of repetitions and delay interval had little effect on responses to answerable questions although accuracy to unanswerable questions continued to decline. Conclusions. Question repetition had a negative affect on children's consistency and accuracy. For unanswerable questions in particular, the more often a question was repeated the more likely children were to invent a response.     

Kollision wild lebender Tiere mit einem Kraftfahrzeug

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Kein genereller Schutzanspruch gegen Lichtimmissionen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Democratic Accountability and National Parliaments: Redefining the Impact of Parliamentary Scrutiny in EU Affairs

Abstract:  The question of strengths and weaknesses of national parliaments in EU affairs, one of the most salient in the debate on the democratic legitimacy of the EU, is generally answered by assessing formal parliamentary powers which can influence their governments' EU policy. Such an evaluation, however, is flawed: Formal mandating rights are usually incompatible with the overall logic of parliamentary systems, which explains why most national parliaments make very little use of them. Even more importantly, it unduly reduces parliamentary functions to the legislative or policy-making function. Drawing on agency theory, it will instead be argued that the functions of public deliberation and of holding the government publicly to account are at least as important and therefore need to be included in a redefined concept of parliamentary strength. In particular, the article proposes a distinction between two different elements of accountability—monitoring and political scrutiny—which recognises parliamentary majority and opposition as two distinct agents of the electorate.     

Keine Befreiung vom Anschluss- und Benutzungszwang an öffentliche Trinkwasserversorgung

Keine Zusammenfassung     

Gene tests and employees in an international comparison.

In this research, Professor Jürgen Simon and Christian Ravenstein have highlighted the general existing prohibition, in the labour field, of the undertaking of genetic tests that could mean discrimination for the genetic heritage of the worker. They have made a comparative study of several member States of the EU that have specific regulation on this area.     

Keine Ermessensausübung für das Einschreiten der Behörde bei Eingriffen in Natur und Landschaft, die ohne Gestattung oder Anzeige vorgenommen wurden

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Bio-Kraftstoff,Nachhaltigkeit, Boden- und Naturschutz

Zusammenfassung  Um ihr Klimapaket und die damit verbundenen Ziele im Bereich der erneuerbaren Energien umzusetzen, hat die Europ?ische Kommission eine Richtlinie zur F?rderung der Nutzung von Energie aus erneuerbaren Quellen vorgeschlagen. Um den Richtlinienentwurf rankt sich – auch noch zur Zeit – eine breite noch nicht abgeschlossene Diskussion, in deren Rahmen unter anderem Bedenken gegen die F?rderung von Energiepflanzen, die als nachhaltig deklariert wird, ge?u?ert werden, da blühende Kulturlandschaften dadurch verschandelt werden. Der Beitrag besch?ftigt sich mit der politischen und rechtlichen Diskussion des Richtlinien-Entwurfs.