全文获取类型
收费全文 | 417篇 |
免费 | 20篇 |
专业分类
各国政治 | 30篇 |
工人农民 | 19篇 |
世界政治 | 48篇 |
外交国际关系 | 14篇 |
法律 | 169篇 |
中国政治 | 1篇 |
政治理论 | 156篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 3篇 |
2020年 | 4篇 |
2019年 | 8篇 |
2018年 | 12篇 |
2017年 | 9篇 |
2016年 | 15篇 |
2015年 | 3篇 |
2014年 | 11篇 |
2013年 | 41篇 |
2012年 | 8篇 |
2011年 | 8篇 |
2010年 | 10篇 |
2009年 | 8篇 |
2008年 | 12篇 |
2007年 | 17篇 |
2006年 | 13篇 |
2005年 | 14篇 |
2004年 | 11篇 |
2003年 | 14篇 |
2002年 | 16篇 |
2001年 | 12篇 |
2000年 | 12篇 |
1999年 | 11篇 |
1998年 | 13篇 |
1997年 | 17篇 |
1996年 | 5篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1994年 | 8篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 9篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 12篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 6篇 |
1969年 | 3篇 |
1968年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有437条查询结果,搜索用时 125 毫秒
321.
322.
323.
324.
This article takes up the question of whether civil society organizations (CSOs) can and do act as mechanisms of representation in times of party crisis. It looks at recent representation practices in Argentina, Bolivia, and Brazil, three countries where political parties have experienced sharp crises after several decades of mixed reviews for their party systems. At such moments, any replacement of parties by CSOs should be especially apparent. This study concludes that the degree of crisis determines the extent that CSOs' representative functions replace partisan representation, at least in the short term. Where systems show signs of re‐equilibration, CSOs offer alternative mechanisms through which citizens can influence political outcomes without seeking to replace parties. Where crisis is profound, CSOs claim some of the basic party functions but do not necessarily solve the problems of partisan representation. 相似文献
325.
We present a unified model of turnout and vote choice that incorporates two distinct motivations for citizens to abstain from voting: alienation from the candidates, and indifference between the candidates. Empirically, we find that alienation and indifference each motivated significant amounts of voter abstention in the 1980–1988 U.S. presidential elections. Using model-based computer simulations—which permit us to manipulate factors affecting turnout—we show that distinguishing between alienation and indifference illuminates three controversies in elections research. First, we find that abstention because of either alienation or indifference benefited Republican candidates, but only very modestly. Second, presidential elections involving attractive candidates motivate higher turnout, but only to the extent that abstention stems from alienation rather than from indifference. Third, paradoxically, citizens’ individual-level tendencies to abstain because of alienation are strongly affected by their evaluations of the candidates’ policies, whereas aggregate turnout rates do not depend significantly on the candidates’ policy platforms. 相似文献
326.
327.
We argue that the standard toolbox used in electoral studies to assess the bias and responsiveness of electoral systems can also be used to assess the bias and responsiveness of legislative systems. We consider which items in the toolbox are the most appropriate for use in the legislative setting, then apply them to estimate levels of bias in the U.S. House from 1879 to 2000. Our results indicate a systematic bias in favor of the majority party over this period, with the strongest bias arising during the period of "czar rule" (51st–60th Congresses, 1889–1910) and during the post-packing era (87th–106th Congresses, 1961–2000). This finding is consistent with the majority party possessing a significant advantage, either in "buying" vote options, in setting the agenda, or both. 相似文献
328.
329.
This paper examines the provision of campaign contributions made by economic interests to incumbents seeking reelection in the 1984, 1986, and 1988 California Assembly elections. The study tests whether the distribution of campaign contributions by specific industrial sectors corresponds to legislator possession of the policy property rights associated with membership on relevant Assembly standing committees. A non-parametric statistical model compares the distribution of campaign contributions from groups within a given industrial sector to members of relevant policy committees with the distribution of contributions from all other contributor classes. The empirical analysis confirms that committee assignments significantly affect the allocation of special interest resources in Assembly elections, substantiating the importance of institutional considerations in influencing special interest activity. 相似文献
330.
Richard S. Katz Hans Rattinger & Mogens N. Pedersen 《European Journal of Political Research》1997,31(1):83-97
Nomination: Changing patterns of electoral volatility by Richard S. Katz, p.83
Nomination: To swing or not to swing by Hans Rattinger, p.86
Reflections: Dynamics of European party systems A catalyst for a discussion by Mogens N. Pedersen, p.93 相似文献
Nomination: To swing or not to swing by Hans Rattinger, p.86
Reflections: Dynamics of European party systems A catalyst for a discussion by Mogens N. Pedersen, p.93 相似文献