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91.
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Gabriel Katz R. Michael Alvarez Ernesto Calvo Marcelo Escolar Julia Pomares 《Political Behavior》2011,33(2):247-270
This paper analyzes the influence of alternative voting technologies on electoral outcomes in multi-party systems. Using data
from a field experiment conducted during the 2005 legislative election in Argentina, we examine the role of information effects
associated with alternative voting devices on the support for the competing parties. We find that differences in the type
of information displayed and how it was presented across devices favored some parties to the detriment of others. The impact
of voting technologies was found to be larger than in two-party systems, and could lead to changes in election results. We
conclude that authorities in countries moving to adopt new voting systems should carefully take the potential partisan advantages
induced by different technologies into account when evaluating their implementation. 相似文献
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Itay Fischhendler David Katz 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2013,13(3):321-342
The premise of discourse theory in environmental policy is that realities are shaped by language. One discourse that is gaining popularity is the concept of environmental security, a discourse that presupposes environmental threats as urgent. The attempt to cast environmental issues as security issues has resulted in the common use of security jargon, idioms, and metaphors in policymakers’ and politicians’ statements. Various analyses attempt to identify why natural resources are discussed in terms and language of security. However, far fewer studies have attempted to identify differences in the manner in which different types of resources are incorporated into such a discourse by different actors and what variables contribute to this process. This study examines the construction of the security references, security arguments, and language in the statements of the Commission on Sustainable Development dealing with energy and water. We found that international organizations and Non-governmental Organizations were somewhat more likely than state actors to use security references to discuss sustainability issues. The issues securitized are not the traditional high political ones such as regime stability and conflicts, but rather issues more associated with human security, such as access to renewable energy, affordable food, and clean water. The fact that in many statements examined the use of security references was not associated with any existential threat and hence did not comply with the conditions of the Copenhagen School raises some doubts as to whether security language in these statements implies a true securitization move. We also examined whether the use of the term “security” by states was correlated with greater resource scarcity or vulnerability. In the case of water-related sessions, the evidence was mixed, depending on the choice of dependent variable. The results from energy security regressions, however, were inconsistent with the hypothesis that greater scarcity or vulnerability induces more use of security language. 相似文献
96.
One of Indonesia characters is welfare state, reflected in Republic Indonesia Constitution in 1945 (UUD NRI year 1945) on Preamble paragraph 4 mentioning the general welfare is the primary aim of the state. Provision of Article 33 paragraph (2), (3), and (4) UUD NRI year 1945 as lives of many people that natural resources inform of water for the greatest prosperity of people's and controlled by state. This is in line with the Constitution Act No. 7 year 2004 on water resources, focus on welfare of people and based on the reflection of democracy spirit. Based on the constitution of Local Government Act No. 32 year 2004, the important role to support the achievement of social welfare problems associated with water (ground water), is crucial. However, the Presidential Decree RI No. 36 year 2010 which provides space for the foreigners to invest in water exploitation orientation, and there was interest~politic of law, so the local government at the beginning prioritize on the welfare of the local people turned into the realm of economic interest to revenue for local government. Based on the statement above, so the problems of people's welfare, democracy and justice are neglected. 相似文献
97.
Matthew Sciandra Lisa Sanbonmatsu Greg J. Duncan Lisa A. Gennetian Lawrence F. Katz Ronald C. Kessler Jeffrey R. Kling Jens Ludwig 《Journal of Experimental Criminology》2013,9(4):451-489
Objectives
Using data from a randomized experiment, to examine whether moving youth out of areas of concentrated poverty, where a disproportionate amount of crime occurs, prevents involvement in crime.Methods
We draw on new administrative data from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development’s Moving to Opportunity (MTO) experiment. MTO families were randomized into an experimental group offered a housing voucher that could only be used to move to a low-poverty neighborhood, a Section 8 housing group offered a standard housing voucher, and a control group. This paper focuses on MTO youth ages 15–25 in 2001 (n = 4,643) and analyzes intention to treat effects on neighborhood characteristics and criminal behavior (number of violent- and property-crime arrests) through 10 years after randomization.Results
We find the offer of a housing voucher generates large improvements in neighborhood conditions that attenuate over time and initially generates substantial reductions in violent-crime arrests and sizable increases in property-crime arrests for experimental group males. The crime effects attenuate over time along with differences in neighborhood conditions.Conclusions
Our findings suggest that criminal behavior is more strongly related to current neighborhood conditions (situational neighborhood effects) than to past neighborhood conditions (developmental neighborhood effects). The MTO design makes it difficult to determine which specific neighborhood characteristics are most important for criminal behavior. Our administrative data analyses could be affected by differences across areas in the likelihood that a crime results in an arrest. 相似文献98.
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100.
Richard S. Katz 《European Journal of Political Research》1998,34(7):551-555