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McBride DG Dietz MJ Vennemeyer MT Meadors SA Benfer RA Furbee NL 《Journal of forensic sciences》2001,46(3):427-431
This study presents a method for identifying small subsets of morphological attributes of the skeletal pelvis that have consistently high reliability in assigning the sex of unknown individuals. An inductive computer algorithm (ID3) was applied to a bootstrapped training set/test set design in which the model was developed from 70% of the sample and tested on the remaining 30%. Relative accuracy of sex classification was evaluated for seven subsets of 31 morphological features of the adult os coxae. Using 115 ossa coxarum selected from the Terry Collection, a selected suite of the three most consistently diagnostic attributes averaged 93.1% correct classification of individuals by sex over ten trials. Attribute suites developed collaboratively with three well known skeletal experts averaged 87.8, 91.3, and 89.6% correct. The full set of 31 attributes averaged 90.0% accuracy. We demonstrate a small set of three criteria, selected and ordered by ID3, that is more accurate than other combinations, and suggest that ID3 is a useful approach for developing identification systems. 相似文献
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Cady Berkel Velma McBride Murry Tera R. Hurt Yi-fu Chen Gene H. Brody Ronald L. Simons Carolyn Cutrona Frederick X. Gibbons 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(2):175-188
Prior research demonstrates negative consequences of racism, however, little is known about community, parenting, and intrapersonal
mechanisms that protect youth. Using a mixed-methods approach, this study illuminated linkages between positive and negative
contextual influences on rural African American adolescent outcomes. Quantitative results provide support for Structural Ecosystems
Theory, in that the influence of discrimination and collective socialization on adolescent outcomes was mediated by racial
socialization and positive parenting. Parenting and community influences contributed to adolescent racial identity and self
image, which protected against common negative responses to racism; including academic underachievement, succumbing to peer
pressure, and aggressive tendencies. Qualitative results indicate that current measures of discrimination may underestimate
adolescents’ experiences. Adolescents reported racist experiences in the domains of school, peers, and with the police (males
only). Moreover, qualitative findings echoed and expanded quantitative results with respect to the importance of the protective
nature of parents and communities.
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Cady BerkelEmail: |
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