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231.
232.
Alan Chaikovsky BSc PE Zohar Pasternak PhD Nir Finkelstein BSc MA Netta Lev Tov Chattah PhD Alexander Silchenko BMedLabSc Ophir Levy PhD Amit Cohen MSc 《Journal of forensic sciences》2023,68(6):2153-2162
Drawing forensic conclusions from an image or a video is known as “photographic content analysis.” It involves the analysis of an image, as well as objects, actions, and events depicted in images or video. In recent years, photographic depictions of objects suspected as illegal firearms have substantially increased, appearing on CCTV surveillance footage, captured by mobile phones and shared on social media. However, the law in Israel states that a person can be charged with illegally possessing a firearm only if it can be proven that the object is capable of shooting with lethal bullet energy. This becomes more challenging in cases where the firearm was not physically seized, and the evidence exclusively consists of images and video. In this study, photographic content analysis was applied to images and video where objects suspected as commercial or improvised firearms had been depicted. An image and event sequence reconstruction video databases of both firearms and replicas were created in order to better define firearm-specific functional morphological features. We demonstrate that it is possible to classify an object as a firearm by analyzing the functional, and not only the esthetic, morphology in images and video. It is also shown that event sequence reconstruction in video may be used to infer that an object suspected as a firearm has the capacity to shoot by confirming the occurrence of a shooting act or shooting process. Thus, photographic content analysis may be used to forensically establish that an object depicted in an image or a video is a firearm by ruling out other known scenarios, and without physically seizing it. 相似文献
233.
The research presented within this paper was conducted as part of a 2-year project (Project MARC) to develop and render operational
a mechanism to assess the risk of theft of electronic products. Clarke and Newman (Secured goods by design - a plan for security
coding of electronic products. London: Department of Trade and Industry, 2002) proposed the use of two checklists—one to measure
vulnerability, the other to measure security—as a means of categorising products according to their vulnerability to theft.
Consultation with key stakeholders yielded the common view that such a mechanism was worth pursuing, but that it must reflect
the language of those who would use it. An extensive consultation with stakeholders from ten European member states ensued.
Participants were asked to rate a range of electronic products in terms of vulnerability and security, and to explain their
ratings. Their responses were used to develop two checklists that incorporate a variety of factors, weighted according to
the frequency with which they were expressed. The crime vulnerability checklist developed within this paper is judged fit-for-purpose
as a provisional measurement but we urge caution in relation to the security checklist.
Dr. Rachel Armitage is a Senior Research Fellow at the Applied Criminology Centre, University of Huddersfield. Professor Ken Pease is Visiting Professor at the University of Loughborough. 相似文献
Ken PeaseEmail: |
Dr. Rachel Armitage is a Senior Research Fellow at the Applied Criminology Centre, University of Huddersfield. Professor Ken Pease is Visiting Professor at the University of Loughborough. 相似文献
234.
走到十字路口的日本法科大学院制度 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文介绍了日本借鉴美国法学教育模式建立的日本法科大学院制度和新司法考试制度的背景、理念,重点阐释了日本法科大学院在实施中出现的问题和挑战,对新的法律职业教育模式与旧有制度之间的冲突和矛盾进行了深入分析,并将日本制度和韩国的制度改革作了比较法上的研究,提出了一些值得深入思考的看法。 相似文献
235.
Jack S. Levy 《Political science quarterly》2010,125(3):520-521
236.
Yee‐Fui Ng Ken Coghill Paul Thornton‐Smith Marta Poblet 《Australian Journal of Public Administration》2017,76(2):221-236
Australia remains one of the last liberal democracies to retain a property franchise at the local government level. This particular feature is both the result of historical particularities and contemporary political arrangements. This article analyses the property franchise in the City of Melbourne, the capital of the Australian State of Victoria, based on democratic theory and an empirical study. It illustrates the tensions between the democratic principles of representation and political equality in defining structures for representation at the local government level. The authors suggest that a more nuanced interpretation of representation can be adopted at a local level based on territorial residency rather than legal citizenship. Despite this, based on analysis of both electoral and non‐electoral mechanisms, the property franchises are found to be anachronistic and indefensible from a democratic perspective and unrelated to the status of capital city. The article concludes that, at a local level, deliberative democracy holds the promise to better represent various interests, including property interests. 相似文献
237.
238.
Avital Mentovich Guy Ben‐Porat Natalie Levy Phillip A. Goff Tom Tyler 《Regulation & Governance》2020,14(3):531-550
Minority groups frequently challenge the legitimacy of legal authorities, particularly the police. Without trust and legitimacy, the police encounter constant conflict and cannot function effectively. While past research has examined minorities’ perceptions of the police, national minorities provide an interesting and under‐investigated test case because of their inherent identity conflict with the state. The current research examines three factors to explain minority–majority disparities in views of the police: (i) police effectiveness and fairness; (ii) intergroup discrimination (termed relative deprivation in policing); and (iii) identification with the state. Findings from a survey of Jewish and Arab residents of nationally mixed neighborhoods in Israel (n = 394) suggest that while all of these factors account for minority–majority discrepancies in views of the police, perceptions of police fairness are particularly important. Furthermore, feelings of discrimination and low levels of identification with the state are less important than evaluations of fairness in explaining minorities’ negative perceptions of the police. 相似文献
239.
Matteo Donghi Ph.D. Ken Mason M.Sc. Francesco Saverio Romolo Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2019,64(6):1658-1667
Gunshot residue (GSR) from the discharge of ammunition can provide crucial information in reconstructing criminal cases. Traditional primers create particles of heavy metals such as lead, barium, and antimony. In forensic laboratories, automatic inorganic particle detection is performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), using the backscattered electron signal to search for bright residues among the many darker environmental particles, due to higher electron density of the former. Some innovative primers, indicated as heavy metal‐free (HMF), produce a residue of elements with atomic numbers below 21, urgently demanding new detecting solutions. For the first time, residues from Sellier & Bellot Nontox HMF primer are demonstrated to emit visible light under electron beam stimulation in a SEM. Cathodoluminescence is then proposed as a promising tool to both detect and characterize residues in forensic cases involving HMF primers, with minor changes to traditional analytical apparatus used for inorganic GSR analysis. 相似文献
240.
European Journal of Law and Economics - This paper considers coexisting legal and illegal markets for goods with undesirable consumption externalities, such as marijuana markets. This paper... 相似文献